Unraveling Ocyptamus and the Baccha legacy (Diptera: Syrphidae): redefinition of groups and new species descriptions
Author
Mengual, Ximo
Author
Miranda, Gil Felipe G.
Author
Thompson, F. Christian
text
Zootaxa
2018
2018-08-20
4461
1
1
44
journal article
28997
10.11646/zootaxa.4461.1.1
9c7f14b6-7cfb-4305-88b1-8ce90d4b21e7
1175-5326
1459796
C0F0C0EF-D22C-47ED-9400-F50A8E122DD0
sargoides
Macquart, 1850
[
incertae sedis
]
Figs 38, 39
,
111
.
Syrphus sargoides
Macquart, 1850
: 455
. Type-locality: Brazil [T ♂ UMO].
Doros disjuncta
Sack, 1921
: 132
. Type locality: Paraguay, St.
Trinidad
[LT
♂
DEI
]
. Lectotype ♂ here designated.
New synonym
.
Baccha flata
Hull, 1940
: 433
. Type-locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Petropolis [HT ♂ CNC].
New synonym
.
Baccha lopesae
Curran, 1941
: 269
. Type-locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Tijuca [HT ♂ AMNH]. Synonym of
Baccha flata
Hull
by
Thompson
et al
. (1976
: 18
).
Ocyptamus disjunctus
.
Thompson
et al
. (1976
: 17
).
Ocyptamus flatus
.
Thompson
et al
. (1976
: 18
).
Ocyptamus sargoides
.
Thompson
et al
. (1976
: 27
).
Redescription. MALE:
Head.
Face yellowish with a poorly defined median orange vitta restricted to tubercle, sparsely white pollinose laterally, pollen expanding dorsally to level of antenna insertion, white pilose ventrolaterally to tubercle and progressively darker laterally until level of antenna insertion, anterior oral margin sparsely white pilose; gena narrow, yellow; lunule shiny, with distinct depression dorsad each antenna insertion, yellow with median black spot connected to black oval spot dorsad lunule by narrow black vitta (vitta might be absent); frontal triangle dull yellow with median black triangular spot connected ventrally to lunule macula by narrow black vitta, black pilose, pile sparse directly ventrad triangular macula; antenna base protuberant, yellow but brownish dark laterally, black pilose; vertical triangle black, with five posterior to three anterior irregular compact rows of black pile ending before frontal ocellus; ocellar triangle distanced 1.5 times its length from the posterior eye margin; eye contiguity shorter than vertical triangle length; eye margin with no distinct indentation on posterior margin, at most slightly subtriangular ventrad level of antenna insertion; antenna insertions separated by median sclerotized band, antenna yellowish orange, black pilose with long pile dorsally and ventrally on the basal antennal segments, scape and pedicel of the same length, basoflagellomere oval and long, longer than length of scape plus pedicel, darker dorsally and apically, arista reddish brown; occiput silvery-white pollinose, with white pile in two to three regular rows on ventral 2/3 and in two regular rows on dorsal 1/3, anterior rows slightly shorter than posterior ones.
Thorax
(
Fig. 38
). Prothorax yellow, sparse white pollinose; scutum generally dull black pollinose with yellow lateral sides except darker immediately posterior to transverse suture, with complete submedian pair and single median vittae of golden pollen, sub-median pair vittae slightly tapering and curving posterolaterally, each vitta of the pair connected to yellow lateral sides by narrow fascia of golden pollen at transverse suture, median vitta constricted at level of transverse suture and slightly expanded at posterior apex, with light golden erect pile, slightly orange laterally, pile longer anteriorly, laterally and posteriorly, pile forming distinct compact irregular rows anteriorly and a posteriorly oriented fringe of compact regular rows dorsal to wing insertion and anterior to post-alar callus; scutellum light yellow with large median hyaline fascia, pile long and golden dark to dark, basal pile light golden, ventral scutellar fringe with two to three rows of long light yellow pile; pleuron yellow, slightly reddish on ventral katepisternum and meron, darker on anatergum and ventral-posterior 1/ 5 of katatergum, sparsely white pollinose, with long, erect, golden orange pile on posterior 1/2 of posterior anepisternum, anterior anepimeron and slightly shorter on dorsal anterior anepisternum, with long erect light golden pile on ventral anepisternum, on an anterior and posterior patch dorsally on the katepisternum and ventrally on the katepisternum, and on katepimeron, slightly shorter ventrad posterior spiracle on metaepisternum, meron might have a few long light golden pile dorsally, posteroventral 2/3 of katatergum with very short, thin, densely arranged white pile; metasternum yellow, with very few hairs, may appear bare; metaepimeron flared laterally on posterior 1/2; postmetacoxal bridge incomplete, metathoracic epimera widely separated; plumula long, yellow; ventral wing sclerite black; dorsal calypter greyish black, margin black, fringe short and black, ventral calypter yellow, margin dark yellow, fringe long and yellow; halter yellow.
Wing
: mostly hyaline except for dark anterior margin (dark on cells c, sc, r1, r2+3 and most of anterior 1/2 of r), completely microtrichose; alula mostly hyaline, base slightly yellowish, completely microtrichose, large, 2× (basally) to 2.5× (apically) larger than c cell.
Legs
(
Fig. 39
): proleg yellowish, apical 1/2 of profemur light orange, yellow pilose but slightly orange on orange region, pile more abundant on procoxa, pile longer on procoxa, protrochanter, laterally and ventrally on basal 1/2 of profemur, apex of profemur with slightly longer pile laterally; mesoleg yellow, mesofemur with sub-apical ring of light orange, pile yellow but slightly orange on orange region, longer on mesocoxa, mesotrochanter and mesofemur, densely arranged on apical 2/3 of mesofemur, with an irregular row of erect pile on ventro-posterior apical 2/3 of mesofemur, ventral apex of mesotibia and ventral side of mesobasitarsomere with longer, thicker and darker pile, mesobasitarsomere as wide as mesotibia, longer than, but of same width as, remaining tarsomeres; metaleg orange, yellow on apex of metafemur and basal 1/2 of metatibia, orange pilose but also black pilose anterobasally on metacoxa and ventrally on metatrochanter (or completely black on both segments and on ventral base of metafemur), long and densely arranged on metacoxa, metatrochanter and metafemur, metabasitarsomere as on mesoleg, but longer; tarsal claws with basal 1/2 yellow, apical 1/2 black.
Abdomen
(
Fig. 38
). Slightly oval, slightly longer than thorax. Tergum 1 short, with wider and rounded lateral sides, yellow, slightly black on apical margin, with long black pile, light yellow basally, with sparse short pile to bare medially. Tergum 2 subquadrate, slightly constricted basally, usually orange with two large hyaline quadrangular spots on basal 1/2, separated by narrow yellow vitta (tergum might also be slightly pale apically), pile yellow, long, erect and sparse on basal 1/2, orange to black and appressed on apical 1/2, shorter and sparse medially on apical 1/2. Tergum 3 rectangular wider than long, orange to dark brown (might also be narrowly pale apically and with a median complete pale vitta), with light orange appressed pile, darker laterally. Tergum 4 as tergum 3 but slightly trapezoidal, with wide base. Tergum 5 as tergum 4 but smaller, apex not so pale and without median pale vitta. Sternum 1 distinctly sclerotized, orange, with densely arranged, long, black pile, except shorter laterally; sternum 2 rectangular long, basal 2/3 hyaline, apical 1/3 orange, bare on basal 1/3, with long, erect, yellow pile on median 1/3, slightly shorter and orange pile on apical 1/3; sterna 3–5 similar to respective terga.
Genitalia
: surstylus narrow and elongated, with long pile on dorsobasal 1/4 and ventrobasal 1/2, with a few sparse ventral setulae on apical 1/2; subepandrial sclerite rectangular wider than long, with convex anterior margin, concave lateral margins, and posteriorly elongated basolateral corners. Hypandrium short oval, slightly longer than wide in dorsal view, ventral notch extending for most of the length of the hypandrium, with concave basal margin; phallapodeme mostly unsclerotized; basiphallus drop-shaped in ventral view, posterior projection short, apical 1/2 much higher than the tapering basal 1/2, anterior sclerotized surface of the distiphallus almost straight, tapering apically, base slightly extending laterally but not joining ventrally, with wider membranous area on apex, ventral surface completely membranous and with sparse microtrichia; postgonite with basal margin straight and apical margin mostly straight, with apicoventral extremity as an acute projection, with pile on basal 3/4 of the ventral margin.
FEMALE
. Similar to male except frons widens from vertex, median black triangular spot connected dorsally to vertex by a median black vitta; vertex slightly shining, black with color slightly advancing ventrally on lateral sides forming a rounded margin with yellow lateral sides of frons, with shorter pile; ocellar triangle 3× its length in front of the posterior eye margin; internal lateral side of scape slightly extending into the base of the basoflagellomere; occiput not so enlarged.
Genitalia:
Tergum 7 sclerotized, lighter on a medial vitta, pilose on apical 1/3; sternum 7 membranous, wholly pilose, with some longer pile apically. Tergum 8 subtriangular and sclerotized, lighter on a medial vitta, with sparse pile restricted to apical 1/3; sternum 8 mostly membranous except sclerotized laterally, wholly pilose. Epiproct as a pair of quadrangular plates, with a few pile apically, apodeme twice the length of the epiproct; hypoproct triangular and membranous, pilose. Cerci membranous, pilose, positioned apically and on a perpendicular plane to the epiproct. With three mostly round spermathecae, with a short acute projection in one side.
Biology
.
Sack (1921)
reared the species from a small cicada (
Hemiptera
:
Cicadidae
) on
Pilocarpus sellovii
[probably a misspelling of
Podocarpus sellowii
Klotzsch ex Endl.
].
Rojo
et al
. (2003)
reported a citation of this species feeding on
Pseudococcus pertusus
McKenzie
(
Hemiptera
:
Pseudococcidae
) from
Brazil
. The studied material from
Trinidad and
Tobago
was reared from predaceous larvae on membracid nymphs on
Inga
sp. (
Fabaceae
).
Other
material examined
:
BRAZIL
:
Amazonas
,
Tabatinga
,
11.vii.1991
,
M. Rosa
&
J. Vidal
(
1♀
INPA
)
;
Espírito Santo
,
Santa Teresa
,
24.ix.1966
,
C. T. & C. Elias
(
1♂
DZUP
, DZUP-Diptera 342985)
;
Rio de Janeiro
,
Corcovado
,
vi.1932
, L.T. (
1♂
MNRJ
);
Tijucas
,
29.viii.1939
, Freitas & Lopes (
1♂
MNRJ
);
Jardim Botânico
,
28.vi.1938
,
D. Mendes
(
1♀
MNRJ
)
;
Santa Catarina
,
Nova Teutonia
,
27°11' S
52°23' W
,
300–500 m
,
ii.1968
,
F. Plaumann
(
1♂
CNC
)
.
COSTA RICA
:
Alajuela
,
Sector San Ramón
, L_N 318100_
381900, 800 m
,
11–15.iv.1994
, M.
Zumbado
, #2857 (
1♂
USNM
,
INBIOCRI001820338
)
.
TRINIDAD AND
TOBAGO
:
Parrylands
,
13.i.1981
,
M.J.W. Cock
, CIE
Coll.
A. 13628 (
1♂
1♀
, 2 puparia,
BMNH
).
Comments
.
Syrphus sargoides
Macquart
was described from an unspecified number of males from
Brazil
, one of which was illustrated. The
syntype
now in the Oxford Museum, without an abdomen and labeled “
sargoides
♂
/ /
♂
Macq. n. sp.
” [Macquart handwritten label glued on to a Bigot label of] “Brazi. D. exot.” is here designated as
lectotype
.
Doros disjuncta
Sack
was described from a male and a female. A male labeled “
Paraguay
// Sa.
Trinidad
//
VIII.1913
” “R545” [in Red handwriting] “
Doros
//
disjunctus
S.
” [in Sack's hand] is here designated
lectotype
and has been so labeled. This
lectotype
designation is made in order to fix the concept of
disjuncta
and to ensure universal and consistent interpretation of the same.
The
holotypes
of
Baccha flata
Hull
, now in the Canadian National Collection, and of
Baccha lopesae
Curran
, in the American Museum of Natural History, were also examined.
Doros disjuncta
Sack
and
Baccha flata
Hull
are new synonyms of
Syrphus sargoides
Macquart
, a very distinctive large species with a broad abdomen and large metatibial pile brushes, which ranges from
Costa Rica
to
Brazil
. Based on preliminary morphological analysis, it does not fit in the current
Ocyptamus
definition but, based on some morphological characteristics, might belong within
Mimocalla
.