The millipede genus Julus Linnaeus, 1758 in the Caucasus (Diplopoda: Julida: Julidae) Author Evsyukov, Aleksandr Author Golovatch, Sergei Author Reip, Hans S. text Zootaxa 2018 2018-08-20 4461 1 89 117 journal article 28990 10.11646/zootaxa.4461.1.7 1fbcced0-ec5a-4afe-bcb1-496990e850c9 1175-5326 1459872 3FACE488-20DC-46A4-A511-026B7F2DBEA2 Julus alexandrae Evsyukov, 2016 Figs 1A , 2A , 3A , 4A , 8A–B , 14A , 15A , 16A , 17A , Map 1 Julus alexandrae Evsyukov, 2016a : 243 (D). Diagnosis. Differs from other species of the genus by the following combination of characters. Promere ( pr ) with a lamella ( la ) in middle part, rounded and apically gently angular ( Fig. 8A ). Distal part of opisthomere ( op ) with small lamellae ( Fig. 8B ). Metazonae with rough and deep striations ( Fig. 16A ). Ampullae of female vulvae ( am1 and am2 ) subequal; female leg-pair 2 ( l2 ) without coxal processes ( Fig. 17A ). Descriptive notes. See Evsyukov (2016a) and Figs 1A , 2A , 3A , 4A , 8A–B , 14A , 15A , 16A , 17A . Length of adults 17–19 mm , width 1.4–1.6 mm . Number of segments in adults from 48+1+T to 50+1+T. Body dark brown, more intensely pigmented dorsally, lighter on ventral side; legs brownish yellow; antennae and anal valves reddish brown. Eye patches composed of ca 45 ocelli. Metazonae with rough and deep striae ( Fig. 16A ). Antennae long and slender, in situ reaching back to body segment 4. Antennomere 5 with a corolla of 8 bacilliform sensilla ( Fig. 1A ). Stipites of gnathochilarium with a paramedian pair of 3–4 setae per group parabasally, below mentum ( Fig. 2A ). Male leg-pair 1 small, subtriangular ( Fig. 3A ), suture between coxa ( cx ) and a 1-segmented telopodite remnant ( te ) weakly expressed; cx without lateral process; te with several thin setae. Male leg-pair 2 with two coxal processes ( Fig. 4A ): anterolateral process ( alp ) short and slender; main process ( mp ) long, both the latter slightly diverging. Penes short, moderately bifurcated apically. All three parts of each gonopod ( Fig. 8B ) forming a tight block. Promere ( pr ) higher than opisthomere ( op ), flagella ( fl ) well-developed, thick and somewhat ribbon-shaped; op with a basal, long, spike-like projection caudally and a thin, twisted and curved outgrowth ( lo ) laterally; pr without telopodite remnant, narrowed basally, with a lamella ( la ) laterally, rounded and gently angular apically ( Fig. 8A ). Mesomere ( ms ) simple, short, rounded at apex. Lateral outgrowth ( lo ) of op higher than both ms and remaining op ( Fig. 14A ). Ventral edge of male segment 7 with small curved lamellae bordering the gonopodal aperture ( Fig. 15A ). Female vulvae ( vu ) densely setose ( Fig. 17A ). Operculum ( op ) M-shaped in apical part, bursa ( bu ) rounded at upper edges, ampullae ( am1 and am2 ) subequal. Female leg-pair 2 ( l2 ) without coxal processes. Remarks. The species was described, based on material from two localities in the Rostov-on-Don Region, southern Russia ( Evsyukov 2016a ). This species is very similar to the European J. scanicus Lohmander, 1925 and J. terrestris Linnaeus, 1758 (cf. Schubart 1934 ), both in Julus s. str. ( Lohmander 1936 ), and thus it clearly represents a European element in the fauna of northern Ciscaucasia. The above shortened description and accompanying illustrations repeat information contained in Evsyukov (2016a) , because no new material has been found since. Even though strictly speaking this is a European congener, its provenance from so close to the Caucasus proper warrants its incorporation into the present overview at least for comparative purposes.