A review of the mealybugs (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae, Putoidae and Rhizoecidae) of Iran, with descriptions of four new species and three new records for the Iranian fauna
Author
Moghaddam, Masumeh
text
Zootaxa
2013
3632
1
1
107
journal article
43756
10.11646/zootaxa.3632.1.1
9c199b92-053a-4666-8806-25e56d1a9248
1175-5326
217619
7BE28464-2EC4-4621-8791-79312948C8C9
Planococcus ficus
(Signoret)
(
Fig. 36
)
Dactylopius ficus
Signoret, 1875a: 315
.
Dactylopius subterraneus
Hempel, 1901: 388
.
Pseudococcus citrioides
Ferris, 1922: 208
.
DIAGNOSIS.
Body of adult female oval. Antennae 8 segmented. Legs well developed; with translucent pores on hind coxa, tibia, and sometimes on femur. Cerarii numbering 18 pairs, each bearing 2 conical setae, these becoming more slender and with more flagellate tips towards anterior end of body. Circulus quadrate, divided by an intersegmental line. Ostioles well developed. Dorsal and ventral setae long and flagellate. Multilocular disc pores present on venter only, posterior to vulva, and in more or less single rows across posterior edges of abdominal segments III–VII; occasionally also present on abdominal segment II, at anterior edges of abdominal segments V–VII, and on margins, sometimes as far forward as abdominal segment II; others may be present or absent on medial area of thorax. Trilocular pores evenly distributed on dorsum and venter. Discoidal pores sparse on both dorsum and venter. Dorsal oral collar ducts present next to some cerarii; ventral ducts present across abdominal segments and medially and marginally on thorax, and sometimes on head.
DISTRIBUTION
. Afrotropical, Nearctic, Neotropical, Oriental, Palaearctic:
Afghanistan
,
Azerbaijan
, Crete,
Cyprus
,
Egypt
,
France
,
Greece
,
Iraq
,
Iran
,
Italy
,
Jordan
,
Libya
,
Portugal
,
Russia
,
Saudi Arabia
,
Tajikistan
,
Turkey
and
Turkmenistan
. In
Iran
,
P. f i c u s
occurs in Elborz,
Fars
, Gilan, Ghom, Khorasan, Khouzestan, Markazi and Tehran. It is known from 17 plant families worldwide (Ben-Dov et al., 2012).
MATERIAL EXAMINED
.
Elborz
: Karaj, Rajai Shahr,
3 adult
Ƥ, on
Ficus
carica
(Ficaeae)
,
1.xi.2003
(Rastegar).
Fars
: Estahban,
5 adult
Ƥ, on
F. carica
,
1.vi.2003
(Zibaii); Shiraz,
1 adult
Ƥ, on
Vitis californica
(Vitaceae)
,
31.v.1998
, (Unknown).
Ghom
: Ghom, Salariyeh,
1 adult
Ƥ, on
Punica granatum
(Lythraceae)
,
28.viii.2000
, (Unknown).
Khorasan –e Razavi
: Neyshabour,
4 adult
Ƥ, on
V
.
californica
, (Unknown)
.
Khouzestan
: Ahvaz, on
V
.
californica
,
10.v.1990
; Baghmalek,
7 adult
Ƥ, on
V. californica
(
Asadeh)
.
Markazi
: Saveh,
2 adult
Ƥ, on
P
.
granatum
,
31.vii.2000
, (Unknown).
Tehran
: Tehran, Evin,
3 adult
Ƥ, on
Cucurbita
sp. (
Cucurbitaceae
),
22.ix.2009
(F. Parsi).
COMMENTS
. The vine mealybug,
P. ficus
, is polyphagous on a wide range of host plants, and has been found in most grape production areas throughout the world. The damage by this mealybug has increased on grape in some parts of
Iran
, especially in
Fars
, during recent years. This mealybug has 5 generations between April and November. After the fifth generation, all stages of
P. ficus
have been recorded as overwintering on the roots of grape from late November to the following March in Jahrom,
Fars
(Fallazadeh
et al.
2009b). The natural enemies of
P. f i c u s
were studied in
Fars
, and some parasitoids and predators associated with
P. fi cu s
were recorded (Fallahzadeh
et al.
2011). In this study the parasitoids
Anagyrus agraensis
Saraswat,
A.
dactylopii (Howard),
A. mirzai
Agarwal & Alam,
A
.
pseudococci
(Girault) (
Hymenoptera
,
Encyrtidae
),
Leptomastix dactylopii
(Howard)
,
L
.
flava
Mercet
(Hym.:
Encyrtidae
), and
Chartocerus kurdjumovi
(Nikol’skaya) (
Hymenoptera
Signiphoridae
); and secondary parasitoids
Prochiloneurus bolivari
Mercet
(
Hymenoptera
:
Encyrtidae
) and
Pachyneuron muscarum
(L.) (
Hymenoptera
:
Pteromalidae
) were introduced. The plant families
Cucurbitaceae
and
Lythraceae
are new record for
P. f ic u s
.
The accompanying illustraton is taken from Cox (1989) with kind permission from the Keeper of Entomology, The Natural History Museum, London.