New section and species in Talaromyces Author Sun, Bing-Da China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China & State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0272-6422 Author Chen, Amanda J. China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5294-9574 Author Houbraken, Jos Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands Author Frisvad, Jens C. Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark Author Wu, Wen-Ping Novozymes China, No. 14, Xinxi Rd, Shangdi, Beijing, China Author Wei, Hai-Lei Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Collection and Preservation, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6554-009X Author Zhou, Yu-Guang China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China Author Jiang, Xian-Zhi Microbiome Research Center, Moon (Guangzhou) Biotech Ltd., Guangzhou 510535, China jxz@moonbio.com Author Samson, Robert A. Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands r.samson@wi.knaw.nl text MycoKeys 2020 68 75 113 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.68.52092 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.68.52092 1314-4049-68-75 BBED0AD34D38552BA75860CC3EDB4AEE Talaromyces rufus B.D. Sun, A.J. Chen, Houbraken & Samson sp. nov. Fig. 11 Typus. China , Yunnan, soil, 2009, isolated by T.S. Zhou, Holotype CBS H-22832, culture ex-holotype CBS 141834 = DTO 349-D7 = CGMCC 3.13203. Additional material examined. Korea, soil, 2013, isolated by J. Houbraken, culture DTO 274-C5. ITS barcode. MN864272. Alternative identification markers: BenA = MN863341, CaM = MN863318, RPB2 = MN863331. Diagnosis. This species produces red, determinate synnemata and ellipsoidal, spiny ascospores measuring 5-6 x 4-5 μm . In. Talaromyces section Talaromyces Colony diam, 7 d (mm). CYA 12-16; CYA 30 °C 18-20; CYA 37 °C 15-16; MEA 37-38; MEA 30 °C 50-51; OA 38-40; YES 26-27; CREA Weak growth; CYAS No growth; DG18 9-13. Colony characters. CYA 25 °C, 7 d: Colonies deep, plane; margins entire; mycelium white and scarlet (5); texture floccose; sporulation sparse; conidia en masse greyish yellow-green (68); soluble pigments scarlet (5); exudates absent; reverse scarlet (5). MEA 25 °C, 7 d: Colonies moderately deep, plane; margins entire; mycelium white and scarlet (5); texture floccose; sporulation sparse; conidia en masse greyish yellow-green (68); soluble pigments scarlet (5); exudates absent; reverse scarlet (5). YES 25 °C, 7 d: Colonies moderately deep, raised at center, plane; margins entire; mycelium white and scarlet (5); texture floccose; sporulation absent; soluble pigments absent; exudates scarlet (5) droplets; reverse scarlet (5) at center, fading into peach (4). DG18 25 °C, 7 d: Colonies moderately deep, plane; margins entire; mycelium white; texture smooth and sticky; sporulation absent; soluble pigments absent; exudates absent; reverse cream white. OA 25 °C, 7 d: Colonies low, plane; margins entire; mycelium white and scarlet (5); texture floccose; sporulation absent; soluble pigments scarlet (5); exudates absent; reverse scarlet (5). Ascomata present. CREA 25 °C, 7 d: Acid production absent. Micromorphology. Conidiophores solitary and monoverticillate; stipes smooth, 5-30 x 2.5-3 μm ; phialides1-4, acerose, 10-12 x 3-4 μm ; conidia smooth, ellipsoidal to fusiform, 2.5-4.5 x 2-3 μm . Ascomata maturing within 2-3 wk on OA, subglobose to ellipsoildal, 350-600 x 200-350 μm , yellow, ascospores ellipsoidal, spiny, 5-6 x 4-5 μm . Notes. Talaromyces rufus is characterized by its red determinate synnemata on all tested media except DG18, CYAS and CREA. According to Yilmaz et al. (2014) , twelve Talaromyces species produce determinate or indeterminate synnemata, but T. rufus can be easily distinguished from them by its red synnemata. Phylogenetically, T. rufus is related to T. macrosporus ; however, T. macrosporus produces broadly ellipsoidal ascospores and does not produce synnemata. Etymology. Latin, rufus , refers to its red synnemata. Figure 11. Talaromyces rufus CBS 141834T a colonies from left to right (top row) CYA, MEA, YES and OA; (bottom row) CYA reverse, MEA reverse, DG 18 and CREA b synnemata on MEA after 1 wk incubation c, d conidiophores and conidia e ascomata f, g ascospores. Scale bars: 200 μm ( b ), 10 μm ( c, d, f ), 50 μm ( e ), 2 μm ( g ).