Taxonomy of the armored catfish genus Aspidoras (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae) revisited, with the description of a new species Author Tencatt, Luiz Fernando Caserta Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020 - 900 Maringá, PR, Brazil. luiztencatt @ hotmail. com (corresponding author). & Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Instituto de Biociências, Setor de Zoologia, Laboratório de Ictiologia, Avenida Costa e Silva, s / nº, Cidade Universitária, 79070 - 900 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil. & Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, Unidade Universitária de Coxim, Laboratório de Biologia, Rua General Mendes de Moraes, 370, 79400 - 000 Coxim, MS, Brazil. Author Britto, Marcelo R. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Museu Nacional, Departamento de Vertebrados, Setor de Ictiologia, Quinta da Boa Vista s / n, São Cristóvão, 20940 - 040 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. mrbritto 2002 @ yahoo. com. br. Brazil.mrbritto2002@yahoo.com.br Author Isbrücker, Isaäc Jan Hendrik Gooioord, 149, 1103 CK, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. i. isbrucker @ upcmail. nl. TheNetherlands.i.isbrucker@upcmail.nl Author Pavanelli, Carla Simone Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020 - 900 Maringá, PR, Brazil. luiztencatt @ hotmail. com (corresponding author). & Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020 - 900 Maringá, PR, Brazil. carlasp @ nupelia. uem. br. Brazil.carlasp@nupelia.uem.br text Neotropical Ichthyology 2022 e 220040 2022-10-14 20 3 1 159 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2022-0040 journal article 10.1590/1982-0224-2022-0040 1982-0224 13349936 0FCC671F-C08D-4009-B2C0-354B3CCD1339 Aspidoras gabrieli Wosiacki, Pereira & Reis, 2014 Aspidoras gabrieli Wosiacki, Pereira & Reis, 2014:309‒316 (original description; type locality: unnamed tributary to the left bank of the rio Parauapebas , tributary to the right bank of the rio Itacaiúnas , Pará State , Brazil ). — Leão et al. , 2015:585 (listed as comparative material). — Tencatt , Bichuette , 2017:21 (listed as comparative material). Diagnosis. Aspidoras gabrieli can be distinguished from its congeners, with exception of A. albater , A. aldebaran , and A. lakoi , by having inner laminar expansion of infraorbital 1 extremely well developed ( vs. well developed in A. azaghal , A. depinnai , A. fuscoguttatus ; moderately or well developed in A. poecilus ; moderately developed in A. belenos , A. maculosus , A. mephisto , and A. raimundi ; poorly developed in A. psammatides and A. velites ); from A. aldebaran plus A. depinnai , A. poecilus , A. psammatides , A. raimundi , and A. velites by presenting relatively wide frontal bone, with width equal to or slightly larger than half of entire length ( vs. narrow, with width slightly smaller than half of entire length in A. aldebaran , A. depinnai , A. poecilus , A. raimundi , and A. velites ; extremely narrow, with width conspicuously smaller than half of entire length in A. psammatides ); from A. albater by having smoothly furcate caudal fin ( vs. acutely furcate), and dorsolateral body plates on predorsal region more distant from their counterparts ( vs. dorsolateral body plates touching or closer to their counterparts); from A. lakoi it differs by the absence of a pointed process on anterodorsal portion of infraorbital 1 ( vs. presence of such process). Conservation status. Aspidoras gabrieli is currently known from tributaries of the rio Paraupebas , lower rio Tocantins basin, Serra dos Carajás , Pará State . Although its known geographical distribution is relatively restricted, A. gabrieli was described based on a conspicuously large type series, indicating that the species is abundant in its natural habitat. Also , no threat to the species is currently suspected. According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature ( IUCN ) categories and criteria (IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee, 2019), Aspidoras gabrieli can be classified as Least Concern (LC). Remarks. Aspidoras gabrieli was described based mainly on two diagnostic features: (I) rays and interradial membranes of the dorsal and pectoral fins densely pigmented, from base to tip in young individuals, with a gradual reduction in pigmentation on the fin tips over the course of ontogeny, though the base remains densely pigmented in larger individuals, and (II) inner bony margin of the pectoral spine expanded as a narrow laminar shelf with edge smooth or scarcely serrated. However, both features can also be observed in some A. albater specimens ( Figs. 14A,B , 15C ), which made it necessary to prepare a new diagnosis (see above). Despite A. gabrieli being remarkably similar to A. albater and also occurring in the rio Tocantins basin, at least two diagnostic features distinguish A. gabrieli from A. albater (see Diagnosis), and therefore it remains considered valid herein. Material examined. All from Brazil , Pará , rio Parauapebas basin. MNRJ 51724 , 2 of 4, 20.4–22.4 mm SL, 2 CS of 4, 27.0– 27.8 mm SL, Floresta Nacional de Carajás , Paraupebas. MPEG 17394 , 5 of 139, paratypes , 16.2–26.3 mm SL, unnamed tributary to the left bank of the rio Parauapebas .