Exceptional larval morphology of nine species of the Anastrepha mucronota species group (Diptera, Tephritidae) Author Rodriguez, Erick J. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8132-0863 Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA erick.rodriguez@ufl.edu Author Steck, Gary J. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3714-0560 Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry (FDACS / DPI), Gainesville, FL, USA Author Moore, Matthew R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6313-3690 Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry (FDACS / DPI), Gainesville, FL, USA Author Norrbom, Allen L. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5854-089X Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA, ARS, c / o Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA Author Diaz, Jessica https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7013-2349 Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA Author Somma, Louis A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4023-0997 Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry (FDACS / DPI), Gainesville, FL, USA Author Ruiz-Arce, Raul https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0790-0218 USDA APHIS PPQ S and T Insect Management and Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, 22675 N. Moorefield Road, Edinburg, TX 78541, USA Author Sutton, Bruce D. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7374-3778 Research Associate, Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, USNM, Gainesville, FL, USA Author Nolazco, Norma Centro de Diagnostico de Sanidad Vegetal, Servicio Nacional de Sanidad Agraria, Av. La Molina 1915, La Molina, Peru Author Muller, Alies https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4782-3536 (retired) Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Fisheries, Paramaribo, Suriname Author Branham, Marc A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2187-4503 Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA text ZooKeys 2022 2022-11-03 1127 155 215 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1127.84628 1313-2970-1127-155 8A484FF467F140E2BB0BBE756CF0883A 5E797D2798B25C2EBD6A6596A3CB817F Anastrepha sp. Peru-82 Figs 81-85 , 86-91 , 92-94 Material examined. Peru • 6 larvae ; Loreto , Iquitos , ExplorNapo , main trail; 3.2547°S , 72.9133°W ; 132 m a.s.l. ; 11 Feb. 2015 ; E. J. Rodriguez and J. Caballero leg.; reared from fruit of Scleronema praecox ; FSCA (AP20180109.02, AP20180124.03, AP20180124.04, AP20190827.10- AP20190827.12) . Diagnosis. The larva of Anastrepha sp. Peru-82 differs from those of other species of Anastrepha , except A. crebra , A. haplacantha , A. korytkowskii , A. nolazcoae , Anastrepha sp. nr. protuberans , and Anastrepha sp. Sur-16, in having the posterior margins of the accessory plates fringed. It differs from all other species except A. korytkowskii , A. nolazcoae , and Anastrepha sp. Sur-16 by the position of its preoral organ anterior to the mouthhook, and short preoral lobe. Anastrepha sp. Peru-82 can be further distinguished from A. crebra in having a higher number of oral ridges, and it further differs from A. korytkowskii , A. nolazcoae , and Anastrepha sp. Sur-16 in lacking comb-like processes adjacent to the labium. The number of tubules on the prothoracic spiracle and the dorsal spinule pattern on the thoracic segments are useful to further distinguish Anastrepha sp. Peru-82 from other species in the Anastrepha mucronota group (see Table 3 ). Description. Habitus . Third instar elongate, cylindrical, tapered anteriorly and caudal end truncate; color creamy; amphipneustic. Length 8.71-10.94 mm and width 1.40-1.72 mm at the sixth abdominal segment. Pseudocephalon (Figs 81-84 ). Antenna and maxillary palp on moderately developed lobe. Antenna with cylindrical base and apical knob. Maxillary palp bearing three papilla sensilla, two knob sensilla; dorsolateral group of sensilla bearing two well-developed papilla sensilla, aligned perpendicular to palp and surrounded by collar. Facial mask partly globular in lateral view, upper right section lacking ridges and accessory plates and forming almost a right angle. Preoral organ bearing one unbranched peg sensillum, located apically on a small, rounded lobe directly anterior to mouthhook; adjacent medial preoral lobe of broad, irregular shape, approximately double size of lobe bearing preoral organ and extending partially posterior to it. Oral ridges in 22 or 23 rows, all densely fringed with very long, thin, tapering, pointed projections, but 8-12 posterior ridges with short weakly dentate section medially; numerous accessory plates present, with fringed posterior margins, in one or more series and overlapping with oral ridges (unable to distinguish end points). Labium triangular, anterior surface knobby (not clearly visible in Fig. 81 ), ventrally with visible sensilla. Figures 81-85. Scanning electron photomicrographs of third instar of Anastrepha sp. Peru-82 81 pseudocephalon 82 oral ridges 83 antenna and maxillary palp 84 preoral organ 85 ventral surface of mouthhook. Scale bars: 10 μm ( 83, 84 ); 20 μm ( 85 ); 50 μm ( 81, 82 ). Figures 86-91. Optical photomicrographs and scanning electron photomicrographs of third instar of Anastrepha sp. Peru-82 86 cephaloskeleton, lateral view 87 cephaloskeleton, dorsal view 88 prothoracic spiracle, lateral 89 prothoracic spiracle, dorsolateral 90 caudal segment 91 anal lobe. Scale bars: 50 μm ( 88, 89 ); 100 μm ( 91 ); 200 μm ( 86, 87, 90 ). Cephaloskeleton (Figs 85 - 87 ). Total length from tip of mouthhook to end of ventral cornu 1.0-1.28 mm. Mouthhook well sclerotized, black apically and basally; length a 0.25-0.28 mm; length b 0.18-0.20 mm; height c 0.17-0.20 mm; ratio a:b 1.31-1.41; ratio a:c 1.39-1.50. Tooth long, sharp, strongly curved, concave ventrally with medial carina and smooth surface. Intermediate sclerite 0.23-0.26 mm long, 0.14 mm wide at ventral bridge. Epipharyngeal sclerite visible only in dorsal view, with medial lobe directed anteriorly. Labial sclerite robust, sclerotized, and triangular in dorsal view. Parastomal bar extending three-fourths length of intermediate sclerite. Dorsal arch 0.22-0.24 mm high. Dorsal cornu with well-defined sclerotized area adjacent to notch, 0.48-0.64 mm long. Dorsal bridge prominently projecting anteriorly from dorsal cornu and strongly sclerotized. Anterior sclerite irregularly shaped and sclerotized. Cornu notch (N) 0.30-0.43 mm long and cornu notch index (N/DC) 0.63-0.67. Ventral cornu with well-defined sclerotized area from notch to pharyngeal bar and grooves. Pharyngeal filter with weakly sclerotized anterior bar and seven ridges forming a series of grooves along length of ventral cornu. Ventral cornu 0.58-0.81 mm long from pharyngeal bar to posterior end of grooves. Ventral cornu 1.20-1.45 x as long as sclerotized area of dorsal cornu. Figures 92-94. Scanning electron photomicrograph and optical photomicrographs of posterior spiracles of third instar of Anastrepha sp. Peru-82. Scale bars: 50 μm ( 93, 94 ). Thoracic and abdominal segments . Thoracic segments with dorsal spinules conical, symmetrical to slightly curved posteriorly; dorsal spinule pattern as follows: T1 with two rows; T2 with five or six rows; T3 with two or three rows; ventral spinules as follows: T1 with 7-10 rows; T2 with 3-5 rows; T3 with two or three rows. Abdominal segments (A1-A8) lacking dorsal spinules, except A1 with three rows; ventral creeping welts present on all abdominal segments; ventral spinule pattern as follows: A1 with three or four rows; A2 with 7-9 rows; A3 with eight or nine rows; A4 with nine or ten rows; A5 with ten rows; A6 with 8-10 rows; A7 with 9-11 rows; A8 with 6-9 rows. Additional three irregular rows of spinules anteriorly and posteriorly to anal lobes, two rows laterally; spinules large, conical, pointing away from anal lobes. Prothoracic spiracle (Figs 88 , 89 ). Bilobed, bearing 23-29 tubules, distally rounded and arranged in a single sinuous row. Spiracle distal width 0.28-0.35 mm; basal width 0.12-0.16 mm at junction with trachea. Caudal segment (Figs 90 , 91 ). Dorsal (D1 and D2), intermediate (I1 and I2), lateral (L1), and ventral (V1 and V2) tubercles and sensilla weakly developed; D1 distinctly anterior to D2. Intermediate tubercles I1 and I2 more strongly developed, but associated sensilla weakly developed; I1 lateral and sometimes slightly ventral to I2. L1, V1 and V2 most very weakly developed. Anal lobe entire and moderately protuberant. Posterior spiracle (Figs 90 , 92-94 ). Located above horizontal midline. Posterior spiracle openings with thick rimae and numerous trabeculae; 84-97 µm long; 29-34 µm wide; ratio length/width 2.6-3.0. Ecdysial scar apparent. Felt chamber oval, 185-212 µm in diameter at junction with trachea. Spiracular process SP-I comprising 9-11 trunks and 12-20 tips; ratio tips/trunks 1.3- 1.8; basal width 12-15 µm ; ratio basal width/length of spiracular opening 0.14-0.16. SP-II comprising 4-5 trunks and 5-12 tips. SP-III comprising 4-8 trunks and 5-13 tips. SP-IV comprising 7-11 trunks and 13-16 tips; ratio tips/trunks 1.45-1.85; basal width 9-19 µm ; ratio basal width/length of spiracular opening 0.11-0.19. Distribution. Anastrepha sp. Peru-82 is only known from Peru (Loreto). Biology. We reared this species from fruit of Scleronema praecox , the first host plant record. The larvae feed only on the pulp of the fruit. Molecular identification. COI barcodes were generated from six larvae and two adults and submitted to GenBank (MT644049-MT644051, MT763894-MT763898). These data further confirm the identity of the described larvae. K2P distances between Anastrepha sp. Peru-82 larvae and the adult sequences ranged from 0.0-1.1%. BLAST searches yielded no close matches to sequences from other Anastrepha species. Six larval barcodes returned consensus identifications of Anastrepha sp. Peru 82 with either three or two votes ( Moore et al. in press ).