A synopsis of the Neotropical genus Protoneura (Odonata: Coenagrionidae)
Author
Ellenrieder, Natalia Von
Author
Garrison, Rosser W.
text
Zootaxa
2017
2017-12-01
4361
1
1
76
journal article
31258
10.11646/zootaxa.4361.1.1
b15f5f11-6a00-4158-8ec8-3d0004605c28
1175-5326
1069337
53489D29-C68F-44FD-9EA2-CFCA7B949630
Protoneura scintilla
Gloyd, 1939
Figs. 18
(
♂
habitus), 42 (
♀
habitus), 64 (
♀
mes. plate), 88 (gen. lig.), 114 (
♂
app.), 125 (map)
Protoneura scintilla
Gloyd, 1939
: 1
–8, pl. 1,
Figs. 1–6
; pl. 2, figs 1–3 (description of ♂ and ♀, illustrations color pattern, ♂ S10, and genital ligula, diagnosis);—
Cowley (1941: 157, 158, 162, 163, 165, 169, 170, 172; descriptive comments, key to species in
tenuis
-group, map)
; —
Garrison
et al.
(2003
: 23
; type information);—
Lencioni (2005: 223; Brazil)
;—
Garrison
et al.
(2010
: 379
);—
Pessacq
et al.
(2012
: 70
; Brazil).
Primary
types
.
Holotype
♂
.
Brazil
,
Mato Grosso
:
Abuná
,
19 iii 1922
, J.H.
Williamson
&
J.W. Strohm
leg. [
UMMZ
].
Specimens examined.
44 ♂
16 ♀
:
ECUADOR
,
Sucumbios
Prov.
,
1 ♂
, road,
3 km
NW of
Shushufindi
(
0°9'59'' S
,
76°41'30'' W
,
280 m
),
13 v 2009
,
K.J. Tennessen
leg. [
FSCA
]
;
Napo
Prov.:
1 ♂
,
Airport
pond,
Jatun Sacha Road
, road to airport at
Zancudo
,
3.8 km
ENE of
Jatun Sacha
, shallow pond with water lilies formed by widening stream (waypoint 460) (
1°2'54'' S
,
77°35'10'' W
,
382 m
),
22 i 2011
,
W. Haber
,
F. Morrison
&
R. Vargas
leg. [RWG]
;
1 ♂
1 ♀
(in tandem),
Chinchipino River
, E of
Jatun Sacha
,
27.7 km
E of Puerto
Napo
(
1°4'24'' S
,
77°35'12'' W
,
400 m
),
13 xi 1997
,
K.J. Tennessen
leg. [
FSCA
]
.
BRAZIL
,
Para
State:
1 ♂
,
Anajas River
,
Villa Dies
{
0°31'S
,
50°44' W
},
14 xi 1908
[
FSCA
]
;
Amazonas
State:
5 ♂
3 ♀
,
Purus River
,
Nova Olinda
{
3°30' S
,
57°56' W
,
37 m
},
vi 1922
,
S.M. Klages
leg. [
FSCA
]
;
1 ♂
, same data but [
UMMZ
]
;
1 ♂
1 ♀
, same data but [
CSCA
]
;
Rondonia
State:
21 ♂
8 ♀
paratypes
,
Abuna
(
9°42' S
,
65°23' W
,
112 m
),
19–23 iii 1922
,
J.H. Williamson
&
J.W. Strohm
leg. [
UMMZ
]
;
2 ♂
1 ♀
, same data but [
FSCA
]
.
PERU
,
Loreto
Dept.:
1 ♂
,
ExplorNapo Camp
, forest stream {
3°16' S
,
72°56' W
,
97 m
},
27 xii 1988
,
P.K. Donhaue
leg. [
FSCA
]
;
1 ♂
, small stream near
Napo
Camp,
15 viii 1989
,
D.A. & J.T. Polhemus
leg. [
USNM
]
;
1 ♂
,
Explorama Inn
,
25 mi
NE
Iquitos on Amazon River
(
3°27'9'' S
,
72°52'31'' W
,
83 m
),
9 vii 1990
,
S.W. Dunkle
leg. [RWG]
;
2 ♂
1 ♀
(one pair in tandem),
Explorama Lodge
,
50 mi
NE
Iquitos on Amazon River
at junction with
Yanamono River
(
3°21'59'' S
,
72°47'56'' W
,
103 m
),
28 viii 1989
,
S.W. Dunkle
leg. [RWG]
;
3 ♂
, same data but
14 viii 1989
[
FSCA
]
;
1 ♂
, same data but stream near
Explorama Lodge, D.A.
&
J.T. Polhemus
leg. [
USNM
]
;
1 ♂
,
Tamshiyacu-Tahuayo Reserve
(
4°23'43'' S
,
73°15'40'' W
,
104 m
),
3 viii 2009
,
T. Faasen
leg. [TF]
;
1 ♂
1 ♀
(in copula), same data but restinga, stream in forest (
4°24'1'' S
,
73°15'40'' W
,
107 m
),
T. Faasen
leg. [TF]
;
1 ♂
, same data but
Tangarana River
, small river upstream CIA tributary of
Tahuayo
(
4°25'0''S
,
73°16'59''W
),
22 ii 2010
,
T. Faasen
leg. [TF].
Characterization.
Male: Epicranium black with copper to greenish metallic reflections and a small triangular orange spot adjacent to compound eye behind antenna, dorsum of thorax black with orange stripes, dorsum black to brown with yellow basal spots on S3–7; pale colors orange and yellow (
Fig. 18
). Pronotum black with orange anterolateral margins of anterior lobe and center of middle lobe. Mesepisternum black with broad orange stripe extending along basal 2/3 of humeral suture and occupying more than 1/2 of its width, and with an orange stripe over distal 4/5 of middorsal carina; mesepimeron black with small dorsal yellow spot; metepisternum black with yellow stripe along anterior portion and small yellow spot on posterodorsal corner; metepimeron black with yellow stripe along medial portion of posterior margin. Coxa, trochanter, basal portion of femur yellow, remainder of femur black or black with yellow ring, remainder of leg black; tibial spurs shorter than twice intervening spaces. Genital ligula with distal margin triangularly convex and with laterodistal corners not projected ventrally (
Fig. 88
). Cercus shorter than S10 length, longer than paraproct, less than twice as long as wide, with a depression on external dorsolateral surface, dorsal margin convex and ventral margin slightly concave in lateral view (
Fig. 114a
), with a small ventrobasal tooth on outer surface; medial surface slightly concave, with a small blunt ventrobasal tooth, a partially membranous laminar medial lobe with tip located distal to midlength of cercus; tip of cercus curved medially forming a subapical oblique ridge, visible in dorsal and mediodorsal views (
Figs. 114b, c
). Paraproct longer than S10 length, at basal 1/3 narrowing to half its basal width and digitiform (
Fig. 114
). TL 39– 42.5; Hw 17.5–19.
Female: As male but pale colors yellow; pronotum posterior lobe yellow with black central area narrower than yellow lateral areas; mesepisternal pale stripe narrow and extended along basal 1/2; pale area of S9 extended dorsally medially to about 1/2 of segment height (
Fig. 42
). Middle lobe of pronotum lacking pronounced lateral depressions; posterior lobe entire, directed posterodorsally, with sides straight and tip smoothly convex. Mesostigmal plate approximately triangular with yellow posteroexternal corner tilted anterodorsally, forming a vertical surface perpendicular to mesepisternum (
Fig. 64
), lacking a depression on mesepisternum behind mesostigmal plate. TL 35–37.5; Hw 19.5–20.5.
Diagnosis.
Protoneura scintilla
shares male cercus longer than wide and with a laminar lobe on medial surface with
P. calverti
,
P. klugi
,
P. macintyrei
,
P. tenuis
, and
P. woytkowskii
(
Figs. 101
; 107–108b, c; 114b, c; 116b, c; 118b, c). Among them, it shares male cerci and paraprocts no longer than S10 length with
P. klugi
and
P. macintyrei
(
Figs. 107–108a
; 114a). Male
P. scintilla
differs from
P. klugi
by laminar lobe on medial surface of cercus about as wide as long (
Fig. 114b
; narrow, longer than wide in
P. klugi
,
Fig. 107b
), and from
P. macintyrei
by its mostly dark tibiae (pale in
P. macintyrei
) and posterior lobe of pronotum entirely black (with orange in
P. macintyrei
). It further differs from them by genital ligula morphology, with distal end triangularly convex and laterodistal corners not projected into ventral processes (
Fig. 88
); in
P. klugi
and
P. macintyrei
the distal end is straight and laterodistal corners are projected into ventral processes (
Figs. 81–82
). Female of
P. scintilla
shares an approximately triangular mesostigmal plate with posteroexternal corner tilted anterodorsally, forming a vertical surface perpendicular to mesepisternum only with
P. calverti
(
Figs. 51
;
64
), and it can be distinguished from it by pronotum posterior lobe mostly yellow with only a narrow medial area black, narrower than each lateral yellow area (black with yellow lateral margins narrower than medial black in
P. calverti
).
Habitat and biology.
Adults found at the darkest places of shallow creeks about
30 cm
deep and
1.2–1.8 m
wide within thick woods, usually hovering and darting a few centimeters above the water (
Gloyd 1939
).
Distribution.
Eastern
Ecuador
,
Peru
, and
Brazil
(
Fig. 125
).