Erythropodium caribaeorum (Duchassaing and Michelotti, 1860) (Cnidaria Alcyonacea), an additional alien coral in the Southwestern Atlantic
Author
Carpinelli, Ágatha Nascimento
0000-0002-2832-2162
Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Ecologia Marinha e Costeira, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos / SP,
Author
Cordeiro, Ralf Tarciso Silva
0000-0002-3164-5333
Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco / PE, 52171 - 900. BRAZIL & Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C. USA https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3164 - 5333
Author
Neves, Leonardo Mitrano
0000-0002-0269-6588
Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Ciências do Meio Ambiente, Três Rios / RJ, 25802 - 100. BRAZIL https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0269 - 6588
Author
Moura, Rodrigo Leão De
0000-0002-5597-6196
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biologia and SAGE / COPPE, Rio de Janeiro / RJ, 21941 - 972. BRAZIL https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 5597 - 6196
Author
Kitahara, Marcelo Visentini
0000-0003-4011-016X
Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Ecologia Marinha e Costeira, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos / SP, & Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto do Mar, Santos / SP, 11070 - 100. BRAZIL & Universidade de São Paulo, Centro de Biologia Marinha, São Sebastião / SP, 11612 - 109. BRAZIL https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 4011 - 016 X
text
Zootaxa
2020
2020-08-05
4822
2
175
190
journal article
8813
10.11646/zootaxa.4822.2.2
81a52802-468c-43d0-8fbf-174f3d24f25a
1175-5326
4449718
4576220B-CA3E-4345-ABA2-E2EC50A8DADF
Genus
Erythropodium
Kölliker 1865
Erythropodium caribaeorum
(
Duchassaing and Michelotti 1860
)
Description.
Encrusting and membranous carpet-like colony, strongly attached to the substrate and with up to 25 evenly distributed polyps (<
5 cm
) per square centimeter. Pinnules elongate, arranged in a single pair of rows (one at each side of a tentacle). Calyces inconspicuous or absent. When present, calyces form small mounds with eight lobules each. Sclerites are six-radiate (
Fig. 2
), arranged in two layers with similar sclerites in terms of form and size (
Table 1
). Sclerites (
Fig. 2
) evenly distributed in coenenchyme, polyp body wall, tentacles and pinnules, slightly smaller and more densely packed in tentacles and pinnules. Cortical layer thick, translucent or white. Inner layer slender with slightly smaller dark-red sclerites, sometimes fused.
TABLE 1.
Measurements (µm) of sclerites of
Erythropodium caribaeorum
from cortical and inner coenenchymal layers (20 sclerites each).
Mean±SD |
Mean±SD
|
Cortical layer
|
Length I* |
305±58 |
Inner layer
|
Length I* |
328±54 |
Length II* |
263±66 |
Length II* |
275±52 |
Six-radiate width** |
69±12 |
Six-radiate width** |
65±12 |
*
major perpendicular lengths of sclerites
**
axis diameter of sclerites (do not include arms and tubercles)
Phylogenetic analysis.
Sequencing of nuclear
28SrDNA
resulted in ~700 bp, and the mitochondrial
mtMutS
and
COI+igr
in ~720 bp each, yielding a concatenated alignment of 1.202 phylogenetically informative sites. All analyses resulted in similar topologies (
Fig. 3
) and match
E. caribaeorum
(GenBank accession number:
GQ342480
— specimen RMNH Coel. 40829) with a
p-
distance of only 0.3%. A slightly low bootstrap branch support was found with BI when compared to ML.
Distribution and abundance
. In the SWA,
E. caribaeorum
seems to be contained to the study site in Angra dos Reis,
Rio de Janeiro
, where a single
2 m
2
colony was recorded at
5 m
depth.