Eustigmaeus floridensis sp. nov., a new mite species of the genus Eustigmaeus Berlese, 1910 (Acari: Stigmaeidae) from citrus in Florida
Author
Pholoshi A. Maake
Author
Edward A. Ueckermann
Author
Carl C. Childers
text
Journal of Natural History
2015
2015-09-30
50
15
975
987
journal article
51595
10.1080/00222933.2015.1091105
eee90cf6-ff2d-4835-82f5-693e7af6ef55
1464-5262
269127
F7465AA4-4091-45CF-8FD6-18553996FFD7
Eustigmaeus floridensis
Maake, Ueckermann & Childers
sp. nov.
(
Figures 1
and
2
)
Diagnosis
Dorsum covered with three shields, shields irregularly ornamented with oval dimples of equal sizes in groups of four or more; larger outlined dimples associated with setae
sce, d2
and
e1
contain at least four or more vacuoles centrally; one pair of eyes between setae
ve
and
sci
present; dorsal body setae broad and feather-like, except
c2
, which is slender; anogenital area with striae and with one pair of serrated aggenital (
ag1
) and three pairs of serrated pseudanal (
ps1
−
3
) setae; setae
4a
present; distances between setae
e1
–
e1
is double
f1
–
f1
; all setae on tarsi I and II smooth and acute compared with those on other leg segments.
Holotype
Female.
(
Figures 1
and
2
). Dimensions (
n
= 7): Length of body 288 (243
–
302); width 233 (192
–
251); lengths of legs (from base of trochanter to tip of tarsal claw) (
Figure 2
A
–
D): Leg І 171 (108
–
157), leg II 119 (93
–
135), leg Ш 144 (106
–
147), leg ІV 161 (100
–
154).
Dorsum.
(
Figure 1
A). Idiosoma covered with two ornamented dorsal shields and also one dorsoventral suranal shield, all with irregularly distributed oval dimples of equal sizes in groups of four or more; larger outlined dimples are associated with setae
sce, d2
and
e1
containing at least four or more vacuoles centrally; surface between dimples smooth; prodorsal shield triangular with four pairs of setae (
vi, ve, sci
and
sce
), one pair of eyes between setae
ve
and
sci
; postocular bodies not evident; hysterosomal shield with six pairs of setae (
c1, d1, d2, e1, e2
and
f1
); suranal shield with two pairs of setae (
h1
and
h2
); dorsal body setae almost equal in length, flat, recurved, acute and featherlike, except for
c2
, which is slender; mid-section of each seta supports an outspreading and coarsely barbed membrane or web; humeral shield ornamented with oval dimples, bearing setae
c2
between coxae II and III, and situated ventrally; lengths of dorsal setae:
vi
53 (43
–
59),
ve
55 (44
–
61),
sci
59 (31
–
57),
sce
61 (32
–
58),
c1
63 (36
–
55),
c2
65 (36
–
58),
d1
58 (36
–
61),
d2
57 (37
–
60),
e1
62 (38
–
85),
e2
63 (39
–
57),
f1
56 (39
–
56),
h1
47 (27
–
38),
h2
34 (22
–
34); distances between dorsal setae:
vi
–
vi
18 (15
–
26),
ve
–
ve
72 (63
–
80);
sci
–
sci
127 (105
–
132);
c1
–
c1
78 (66
–
90),
d1
–
d1
77 (66
–
88),
e1
–
e1
116 (98
–
112),
f1
–
f1
51 (42
–
57),
h1
–
h1
21 (20
–
29).
Gnathosoma
.
(
Figure 1
B).
Gnathosoma
94 (82
–
123) long; palp 88 (59
–
87) long (
Figure 1
C); chelicerae free; subcapitulum (
Figure 1
B) smooth with two pairs of finely serrated subcapitular setae (
m
and
n
), and two pairs of smooth adoral setae (
or1
and
or2
), palp (
Figure 1
C) five-segmented; palptarsus with five tactile setae plus one solenidion (ω) and one tridentate eupathidium; palptibia with two tactile setae, one spine-like accessory claw and one well-developed curved claw; palpgenu with two setae; palpfemora with two long serrated and one smooth setae; palptrochanter without setae.
Figure 1.
Eustigmaeus floridensis
sp. nov.
(female). (A) Dorsal view of idiosoma. (B) Ventral view of
gnathosoma
. (C) Palp. (D) Ventral view of female.
Figure 2.
Eustigmaeus floridensis
sp. nov.
(female). (A) Leg I. (B) Leg II. (C) Leg III. (D) Leg IV.
Venter.
(
Figure 1
D). Setae
c2
slender than dorsal setae, located on humeral shields, ornamented with oval dimples; coxisternal shields smooth and completely fused, bearing setae
1a, 3a
and
4a
. Ventral cuticle between coxae II and III with transverse striae. Anogenital shield invaded by striae flanking anal covers anteriorly, with one pair of setae (
ag1
); anal covers with three pairs of serrated setae (
ps1
–
3
); suranal shield situated ventrally, with dimples and bearing two pairs of small serrated setae (
h1
and
h2
); length of ventral setae as follows:
1a
16 (11
–
17),
3a
17 (11
–
17),
4a
16 (12
–
17);
ag1
13 (9
–
16);
ps1
17 (14
–
18),
ps2
11 (10
–
14) and
ps3
13 (8
–
15).
Legs.
(
Figure 2
A
–
D). Setal formulae of leg segments (solenidia and
k
in parentheses and not included in the count,
Table 1
) as follows: coxae 2-2-2-2, trochanters 1-1-2-1, femora 6-5-3-2, genua 3(Κ)-3-1-1, tibiae 5(φ; φρ)-5(φρ)-5(φρ)-5(φρ), tarsi 13(ω)-9(ω)-7(ω)-7. Length of solenidion (ω): ω
I
18; ω
II
10; ω
III
8.
Male.
(
Figures 3
and
4
). count (
n
= 3): Length of body (227
–
236); width (187
–
196)
Dorsum.
(
Figure 3
A). Idiosoma covered with two ornamented dorsal shields and one dorsoventral suranal shield, all with irregularly distributed oval dimples as in female; dorsal body setae generally shorter than those in females; prodorsal shield bears four pairs of setae (
vi, ve, sci
and
sce
) and one pair of eyes between setae
ve
and
sci
; dimensions of setae as follows:
vi
(44
–
49),
ve
(42
–
48),
sci
(44
–
47),
sce
(40
–
49),
c1
(41
–
43),
c2
(43
–
50),
d1
(42
–
44),
d2
(45
–
47),
e1
(33
–
37),
e2
(36
–
40),
f1
(50
–
52),
h1
(19
–
22),
h2
(19
–
27); distances between dorsal setae:
vi
–
vi
(15
–
18),
ve
–
ve
(58
–
64);
sci
–
sci
(104
–
108);
c1
–
c1
(62
–
70),
d1
–
d1
(59
–
69),
e1
–
e1
(71
–
82),
f1
–
f1
(46
–
48),
h1
–
h1
(18
–
24). Other characters as in female.
Table 1.
Chaetotaxy of leg segments of
Eustigmaeus
species (females) distributed in USA.
Species |
Tarsi |
Tibia |
Genua |
Femora |
Trochanter |
E. segnis
(
Koch, 1836
)
|
13(1)-8(1)-7(1)-7 |
5(2)-5(1)-5(1)-5(1) |
3(1)-3-1-1 |
6-5-3-2 |
1-1-2-1 |
E. microsegnis
(
Chaudhri, 1965
)
|
13(1)-9(1)-7(1)-7 |
5(2)-5(1)-5(1)-5(1) |
3(1)-3-1-1 |
6-5-3-2 |
1-1-2-1 |
E.
floridensis
sp. nov.
|
13(1)-9(1)-7(1)-7
|
5(2)-5(1)-5(1)-5(1)
|
3(1)-3-1-1
|
6-5-3-2
|
1-1-2-1
|
E.
arcuata
Chaudhri, 1965
|
13(1)-8(1)-7(1)-7 |
5(2)-5(1)-5(1)-5(1) |
3(1)-3-1-1 |
6-5-3-2 |
1-1-2-1 |
E. modiolus
(
Summers and Price, 1961
)
|
13(1)-8(1)-7(1)-7 |
5(2)-5(1)-5(1)-5(1) |
3(1)-3-1-1 |
6-5-3-2 |
1-1-2-1 |
E. parasiticus
(
Chaudhri, 1965
)
|
12(1)-8(1)-7(1)-7 |
5(2)-5(1)-5(1)-5(1) |
3(1)-3(1)-1-1 |
6-5-3-3 |
1-1-2-1 |
E. gamma
(
Chaudhri, 1965
)
|
13(1)-8(1)-7(1)-7 |
5(2)-5(1)-5(1)-5(1) |
3(1)-3(1)-1-1 |
6-5-3-2 |
1-1-2-1 |
E. gorgasi
(
Chaudhri, 1965
)
|
13(1)-8(1)-7(1)-7 |
5(2)-5(1)-5(1)-5(1) |
3(1)-3(1)-1-1 |
6-5-3-2 |
1-1-2-1 |
E. anauniensis
(
Canestrini, 1889
)
[
E. pectinutus
(
Ewing, 1917
)
, synonym]
|
13(1)-9(1)-7(1)-7 |
5(2)-5(1)-5(1)-5(1) |
3(1)-3(1)-1-1 |
6-4-3-2 |
1-1-2-1 |
E. lirella
(
Summers and Price, 1961
)
|
13(1)-9(1)-7(1)-7 |
5(2)-5(1)-5(1)-5(1) |
3(1)-3(1)-1-1 |
6-5-3-2 |
1-1-2-1 |
E. clavatus
(
Canestrini and Fanzago, 1876
)
[
E. reticulatellus
(
Habeeb, 1961
)
, synonym?]
|
13(1)-9(1)-7(1)-7 |
5(2)-5(1)-5(1)-5(1) |
3(1)-3(1)-1-1 |
6-5-3-2 |
1-1-2-1 |
E. craticula
(
Summers and Price, 1961
)
|
13(1)-9(1)-7(1)-7 |
5(2)-5(1)-5(1)-5(1) |
3(1)-3(1)-1-1 |
6-5-3-2 |
1-1-2-1 |
E. myrtea
(
Chaudhri, 1965
)
|
13(1)-9(1)-7(1)-7 |
5(2)-5(1)-5(1)-5(1) |
3(1)-3(1)-1-1 |
6-5-3-2 |
1-1-2-1 |
E. ovatus
(
Chaudhri, 1965
)
|
13(1)-9(1)-7(1)-7(1) |
5(2)-5(1)-5(1)-5(1) |
3(1)-3(1)-1-1 |
6-5-3-2 |
1-1-2-1 |
E. ottavii
(
Berlese, 1910
)
|
13(1)-9(1)-7(1)-7(1) |
5(2)-5(1)-5(1)-5(1) |
3(1)-3(1)-1-1 |
6-5-3-2 |
1-1-2-1 |
E. gersoni
(
Wood, 1972
)
|
13(1)-9(1)-7(1)-7 |
5(2)-5(1)-5(1)-5(1) |
3 (1)-3 (1)-1-1 |
6-5-3-2 |
1-1-2-1 |
E. lacuna
(
Summers, 1957
)
|
13(1)-9(1)-7(1)-7 |
5(2)-5(1)-5(1)-5(1) |
3(1)-3(1)-1-1 |
6-5-3-2 |
1-1-2-1 |
E. parvisetus
(
Chaudhri, 1965
)
|
13(1)-9(1)-8(1)-7(1) |
5(2)-5(1)-5(1)-5(1) |
3(1)-3(1)-1-1 |
6-5-3-2 |
1-1-2-1 |
E. schusteri
(
Summers and Price, 1961
)
|
13(1)-9(1)-7(1)-7 |
7(2)-6(1)-6(1)-5(1) |
3(1)-3 (1)-1-1 |
6-5-3-2 |
1-1-2-1 |
E. najeeba
(
Habeeb, 1973
)
|
13(1)-9(1)-7(1)-7(1) |
5(2)-5(1)-5(1)-5(1) |
3(1)-3(1)-1-1 |
6-5-3-2 |
1-1-2-1 |
E. plumifer
(
Halbert, 1923
)
|
13(1)-9(1)-7(1)-7 |
5(2)-5(1)-5(1)-5(1) |
3(1)-3(1)-1-1 |
6-5-3-2 |
1-1-1-1 |
Figure 3.
Eustigmaeus floridensis
sp. nov.
(male). (A) Dorsal view of idiosoma. (B) Palp. (C) Genital area.
Figure 4.
Eustigmaeus floridensis
sp. nov.
(male). (A) Leg I. (B) Leg II. (C) Leg III. (D) Leg IV.
Gnathosoma
Gnathosoma
(88
–
94) long; palp (62
–
82) long; chelicerae free; subcapitulum smooth with two pairs of finely serrated subcapitular setae (
m
and
n
), and two pairs of smooth adoral setae (
or1
and
or2
). palp (
Figure 3
B) five-segmented; palptarsus with five tactile setae plus one solenidion (ω) and one tridentate eupathidium; palptibia with two tactile setae, one spine-like accessory claw and one well-developed curved claw; palpgenu with two long setae; palpfemora with two long serrated setae and one smooth seta; palptrochanter without setae.
Venter
Setae
c2
similar to other dorsals, short and located on humeral shields, ornamented with oval dimples; coxisternal shields smooth and completely fused, bearing short setae
1a, 3a
and
4a
. Ventral cuticle between coxae II and III with transverse striae. Anogenital shield smooth with one pair of setae (
ag1
) (
Figure 3
C); anal area with three pairs of serrated setae (
ps1
–
3
); length of ventral setae as follows:
1a
(9
–
13),
3a
(10
–
13),
4a
(10
–
13);
ag1
(14
–
16);
ps1
(4),
ps2
(8) and
ps3
(10
–
11).
Legs.
(
Figure 4
). Lengths of legs (from base of trochanter to tip of tarsal claw): Leg І (131
–
146), leg II (113
–
135), leg Ш (114
–
136), leg ІV (128
–
153). Setal formulae of leg segments (solenidia and
k
in parentheses and not included in the count,
Table 1
) as follows: coxae 2-2-2-2, trochanters 1-1-2-1, femora 6-5-3-2, genua 3(Κ)-3-1-1, tibiae 5(φ; φρ)-5(φρ)-5(φρ)-5(φρ), tarsi 13(ω; ωD)-9(ω; ωD)-7(ω; ωD)-7(ωD). Length of solenidia: ω
I
15; ωD
I
18; ω
II
9; ωD
II
18; ω
III
5; ωD
III
18; ωD
IV
15.
Immature stages
Unknown.
Etymology
This species is named after the locality in which it was found,
Florida
.
Type materials
All materials studied were collected in
Florida
,
Polk County
, from the Trask, Pollard and Yarborough orchards. The
holotype
female
, and
two female
and
one male
paratypes
were collected from the
trunk scrapings of ‘Hamlin ’ orange trees
in the
Trask citrus orchard
,
27°58ʹ44ʹʹN
,
81°53ʹ30ʹʹW
,
30 March 1995
;
four female
and
two male
paratypes
from
trunk scrapings of ‘Duncan/Mash ’ grapefruit trees
in the
Pollard orchard
,
27° 57ʹ20ʹʹN
,
81°54ʹ15ʹʹW
, between
January and March 1995
; and
one
paratype
female in
Yarborough orchard
,
27°57ʹ07ʹʹN
,
81°53ʹ28ʹʹW
,
3 March 1995
on a
‘Hamlin ’ orange tree trunk
, all by
C.C. Childers
.
Two male and four female paratypes will be deposited as slide-mounted specimen in the Division of Plant Industry (DPI), Florida Department of Agriculture, Gainesville, FL, USA. The holotype, and three female and two male paratypes were deposited in the National Collection of
Arachnida, Agricultural
Research Council, Biosystematics Division, Plant Protection Research Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.
Remarks
At first glance the new species,
Eustigmaeus floridensis
, may be confused with
E. arcuata
,
Eustigmaeus microsegnis
or
Eustigmaeus segnis
, all known to occur in
Florida
. All these species have recurved, acute and feather-like dorsal setae. The mid-section of each seta supports an outspreading and coarsely barbed membrane or web. The new species has a single aggenital seta and three pairs of pseudanal setae similar to the other three sister species. Although both the
E. floridensis
sp. nov.
and
E. segnis
have serrated and equal number of aggenital and pseudanal setae, the anogenital shield is striate in the former species and smooth in the latter.
Eustigmaeus floridensis
sp. nov.
differs from the other three species by having an extra seta on tarsi II [(9(1) vs 8(1)] (
Table 1
). Based on the measurements of the
type
species (see
Chaudhri 1965
), setae
c1
–
c1
are closer in
E. microsegnis
(31 μm) and
E. arcuata
(39 μm) but quite widely spaced in
E. segnis
(85 μm) and
E. floridensis
sp. nov.
(78 μm). In
E. arcuata
, the distances between
e1
–
e1
=
f1
–
f1
=
e1
–
f1
, with the four setae forming a square-like pattern (
Chaudhri 1965
). This differs from
E. floridensis
sp. nov.
as
e1
–
e1
is double
f1
–
f1
. Dorsal dimples in both
E. microsegnis
and
E. segnis
are irregularly shaped, with sieve-like patterns of small vacuoles. In
E. floridensis
sp. nov.
, dimples are also of variable size and shapes but without vacuoles, except in much larger dimples associated with setae
sce, d2
and
e1
. The differences between these sister species are significant and the authors hereto consider their specimens as representing a new species,
Eustigmaeus floridensis
.
Key to species of the genus
Eustigmaeus
from
USA
(females)
1. One pair of paragenital setae, genu II without solenidia (
k)
................................... 2
–
More than one pair of paragenital setae, genu II with one solenidion (
k)
....... 6
2. Distance
e1
–
e1
double
f1
–
f1
; anogenital shield striated..
E. floridensis
sp. nov
.
–
Distance
e1 e1
equal or almost equal
f1
–
f1
; anogenital shield reticulated ......... 3
3. Tarsi II with nine setae; setae
c1
–
c1
approximately 31 μm, but never greater..... ...................................................................................................................................
E. microsegnis
–
Tarsi II with eight setae; setae
c1
–
c1
greater than 31 μm......................................... 4
4. Dimples on dorsal shields fairly uniform in diameter, and contains 7
–
13 vacuoles............................................................................................................................
E. segnis
–
Dimples on dorsal shields irregularly angular or polygonal, no evidence of vacuolation. ................................................................................................................................... 5
5. Coxisternal shields not fused, separated by longitudinal striae; genital shield divided into right and left halves by longitudinal striae......................
E. modiolus
–
Coxisternal shields fused and reticulated; genital shield wedge-shaped............... ..........................................................................................................................................
E. arcuata
6. Humeral shields associated with callosities..................................................................... 7
–
Callosities absent...................................................................................................................... 12
7. Tarsus IV with a solenidion..................................................................................................... 8
–
Tarsus IV without a solenidion........................................................................................... 10
8. Tarsi III 7(1); setae
4a
present................................................................................................ 9
–
Tarsi III 8(1); setae
4a
absent..................................... .....................................
E. parvisetus
9. Dorsal setae long,
c1
longer than the distance to
d1
, dorsal setae with spinules distally............................................................... ...............................................................
E. ottavii
–
Dorsal setae very short,
c1
about a third the distance to
d1
, dorsal setae pointed, smooth........................................................................................................
E. najeeba
10. Three pairs of aggenital setae............................................................................................ 11
–
Two pairs of aggenital setae..............................................................................
E. schusteri
11. Propodosomal shield with marginal incision between setae
sci
and
sce
; dorsal setae rod-like,acute with few spicules distally....................... .......................
E. lacuna
–
Propodosomal shield not with marginal incision; dorsal setae slightly clavate, with minute spicules and thin hyaline sheath..............................................
E. gersoni
12. Eyes absent................................................................................................................................. 13
–
Eyes present ............................................................................................................................... 15
13. Dorsal setae strongly plumose, setae shorter than distances to setae next behind........................................................................................................................................... 14
–
Dorsal setae very long and serrate, longer than distances to setae next behind ...........................................................................................................................................
E. gorgasi
14. Setae
vi
located anterior to propodosomal shield on a lobe; tarsus II 9(1).......... ...............................................................................................................................................
E. lirella
–
Setae
vi
not located on a lobe; tarsus II 8(1)................................................
E. gamma
15. Femur II with four setae
E. anauniensis
[
E. pectinutus
(
Ewing, 1917
)
, synonym]
–
Femur II with five setae ........................................................................................................ 16
16. Femur III with two setae....................................................................................................... 17
–
Femur III with three setae....................................... .......................................
E. parasiticus
17. Trochanter III with one seta................................................................................
E. plumifer
–
Trochanter III with two setae.............................................................................................. 18
18. Dorsal body setae short, strongly plumose or bush-like........................................ 19
–
Dorsal body setae stubby, clavate, slightly tapered to greater thickness near blunt tip ....................................................................................................................................... 20
19. Hysterosomal shield with a pair of anomalous dimples between setae
c1
and
d1
....................................................................................................................
E. craticula
–
Hysterosomal shield without anomalous dimples................... ...................
E. myrtea
20. Tarsus IV with a solenidion.......................................... ..........................................
E. ovatus
–
Tarsus IV without a solenidion.................................................................................................. ................................................
E. clavatus
[
E. reticulatellus
(
Habeeb, 1961
)
, synonym?]