Taxonomic revision of Chamaecrista sect. Absus subsect. Absus (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae) with adjustments in the new classification
Author
Souza, Alessandro Oliveira De
0000-0002-7057-3942
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Asa Norte, 70.919 - 970, Brasília, DF, Brazil. & alessandro 341 @ hotmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7057 - 3942
alessandro341@hotmail.com
Author
Cavalcante, Raphael Guarda
0000-0001-7556-7819
Instituto de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, 37130 - 001, Alfenas, MG, Brazil. & raphael. cavalcante @ sou. unifal-mg. edu. br; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7556 - 7819
raphael.cavalcante@sou.unifal-mg.edu.br
Author
Silva, Marcos José Da
0000-0001-9717-5701
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Asa Norte, 70.919 - 970, Brasília, DF, Brazil. & Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Goiás, CP 131, 74001 - 970, Goiânia, GO, Brazil & Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Asa Norte, 70.919 - 970, Brasília, DF, Brazil. & marcos _ agrorural @ hotmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9717 - 5701 * Author for correspondence & Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Asa Norte, 70.919 - 970, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
marcos_agrorural@hotmail.com
text
Phytotaxa
2022
2022-09-20
565
1
1
82
journal article
10.11646/phytotaxa.565.1.1
1179-3163
7095806
15.
Chamaecrista major
(Bentham) Souza & Silva
comb. & stat. nov.
≡
Chamaecrista viscosa
var.
major
(Bentham)
Irwin & Barneby (1982: 661)
≡
Cassia viscosa
var.
major
Bentham (1870: 132)
.
Type
:—
BRAZIL
.
Minas Gerais
:
“
near Formigas [= Montes Claros, near
17° S
,
44° W
]
”,
01 June 1840
, (fl.),
Gardner 4535
(
lectotype
K000555610
!
Designed by
Irwin & Barneby (1978: 262)
, isolectotypes BM000793278!, G00370968!). (Figs. 29 and 30)
=
Cassia cuneifolia
Vogel (1837: 51)
.
nom. nud
.
=
Cassia viscosopilosa
Steudel (1843: 760)
.
Type
:—
SURINAME
.
s. loc
.,
August 1842
, (fl.),
W.R.
Hostmann
&
A
.
Kappler 1185
(
holotype
MO-714977!, isotypes
G00370971
!,
G00370974
!,
NY00003974
!,
P00836160
!,
P00836161
!, S-R-8875!,
TUB009711
!,
U0003210
!)
.
=
Cassia trachyclada
Glaziou (1906: 168)
.
Type
:—
BRAZIL
.
“
Entre Santa Maria et Panga, Goyaz
”,
s. dat
.,(fl.),
A
.
F
.
M
. Glaziou 20967
(holotypeK000839038!, isotypes
BR0000013455125
!,
F0057704
F
!,
G00370965
!,
MPU023786
!,
MPU023785
!,
NY00978732
!,
S-
R-8873!,
US
00197459!)
.
=
Cassia viscosa
var.
acuta
Ducke (1922: 116)
. – Type:
BRAZIL
.
“
in arenosis prope Gurupa, [Para]
”,
13 August 1918
, (fl.),
A
. Ducke 17199
(
holotype
RB00539512
!, isotypes
BM000793279
!,
G00370966
!,
US
00001721!)
.
Subshrubs or shrubs perennial,
0.8–2 m
tall, single-stemmed, erect and branched distally. Root nodules absent. Branches, brown when mature and green when young, both setulose-viscous and puberulent, including stipules, petiole and rachis; non-exfoliating bark. Stipules 1–2.5 ×
0.4–0.5 mm
, lanceolate, persistent.Leaves alternate-spiral, evenly distributed on the stem, plagiotropic; petiole
5–22 mm
long; rachis
5–13 mm
long; leaflets 2 pairs, 0.8–2.5 ×
0.5–2 cm
, distal pair slightly larger than proximal pair, obcordate, spatulate or obtriangular, less often oboval or elliptical-oboval, apex emarginate or cordate and mucronate, asymmetrical base on the distal pair and cuneate on the proximal pair, papyraceous, concolorous, dark green or opaque, puberulent and sparsely setulose-viscous on both sides, margin entire, revolute, ciliated; secondary veins 3–4 pairs, conspicuous and imprinted on both sides. Leafy appendix inter-petiolule absent. Racemes
5–15 cm
long, peduncle
0.4–2.5 cm
long, 4–15 flowers, lax, terminal and mostly axillary, erect with straight or curved axis, setulose-viscous and villosule, including pedicel, external face of the bracts, bracteoles and sepals. Bracts 1.5–2 ×
0.5 mm
, oval-lanceolate, persistent. Bracteoles 1–1.2 ×
0.5 mm
, lanceolate, persistent. Buds 4–8 ×
3.5–4 mm
, globoid, ovoid or ellipsoid, apex obtuse, acute or apiculate. Flowers 2–2.2 ×
1.3–1.7 cm
; pedicel
1–1.4 cm
long, straight even when fruited; sepals 7–8 ×
2.5–4 mm
, oblong-elliptic, apex obtuse, yellow-green or yellowreddish externally; 4 flat, oboval or oblong-oboval petals and 1 falcate-curled inner petal, 11–15 ×
6–8 mm
, yellow; stamens 10,
3–4 mm
long, anthers not barbulate; ovary 2.5–3 ×
0.8 mm
, setulose and villous; style
1–1.1 cm
long, slightly curved in the upper third, glabrous. Legumes 2–2.5 ×
0.6–0.7 cm
, oblong, setulose-viscous and puberulent, light brown or greenish. Seeds 4–5, 5–5.5 ×
5–5.5 mm
, oblong or obovoid, blackish.
Etymology:
—the epithet “
major
” meaning greater or large, alludes to the height that the species can reach.
Geographical distribution and habitat
:—
Chamaecrista major
it has a distribution mainly in the northern and northeastern portion of
Brazil
, but extends to
Bolivia, Venezuela, Guyana
and
Suriname
(Fig. 39
B
).
In
Brazil
, it occurs in the states of
Amazonas
,
Bahia
,
Ceará
,
Maranhão
,
Minas Gerais
,
Pará
,
Piauí
,
Roraima
and
Tocantins
.
It
grows in areas of caatinga, cerrado, edges of riparian forests and flooded areas or near water courses between
40–900 m
altitude
.
FIGURE
.
Chamaecrista major
. A. Habit, B–D. Fertile branches, E. Leaves, F. Inflorescences, G and H. Flowers, I. Fruit. Photographs by A.O. Souza.
FIGURE 0
.
Chamaecrista major
. A. Fertile branch, B. Detail of the indumentum of the branch, C. Stipule, D. Leaf, E and F. Leaflets, G. Detail of the abaxial face of the leaflet, H. Bud, I. Flower, J. Sepal, K. Petals, L. Stamen, M. Gynoecium, N. Fruit. Drawned by Renato Galhardo.
Flowering and fruiting
:—species recorded with flowers and fruits throughout the year, both being more common between April and September.
Conservation status:
—
As it is distributed in four countries, has an Occurrence Extension greater than
400,000 km
2
,
Ch. major
has here its conservation framed in the Least Concern (
LC
) category.
The
species also forms populations with numerous mature individuals (more than 30) and occurs in areas protected by laws, such as the
Uruçui-Uma Ecology Station
, in
Piauí
,
and the
Grande Sertão Veredas National Park
, in
Bahia
, and in,
Minas Gerais
.
Taxonomic history and adjustments
:—
Cassia
viscosa
var.
major
was described by Bentham in 1870, admitted under the same concept by Irwin & Barneby in 1978 and transferred to the genus
Chamaecrista
(=
Ch. viscosa
var.
major
) in 1982 by the same authors.
Morphologically, for the previously cited authors,
Ch. viscosa
var.
major
was the only
variety with
a stem with distally branched secondary branches, similar in size laterally and reaching the same height as the main one, which gives it a “paniculate” or “thyrsiform” aspect of growth, and leaves with minute leaflets (0.8–2.
5 cm
long) along the entire stem, characters rarely observed in the other varieties of the species. According to
Irwin & Barneby (1982)
the distribution of
Ch. viscosa
var.
major
differed from the other varieties, as it mainly related to the northnortheast portion of South America (
Venezuela
,
Suriname
,
Guyana
, and the north and northeast of
Brazil
), while the distribution of
Ch. viscosa
var.
viscosa
covered northeastern and southeastern
Mexico
,
Colombia
and western
Venezuela
, and that of
Ch. viscosa
var.
paraguayensis
comprised the Midwest and Southeast portion of
Brazil
,
Bolivia
,
Paraguay
and northern
Argentina
. During this study, we also found that populations of
Ch. viscosa
var.
viscosa
and
Ch. viscosa
var.
paraguayensis
overlaps in
Colombia
,
Bolivia
, southern
Paraguay
and northern
Mexico
and do not differ morphologically from each other, although they are quite different when compared to
Ch. viscosa
var.
major
.
Based on phylogenetic inferences demonstrated by
Souza
et al.
(2021)
, in the peculiar morphology, above all, in the aspect of growth and leaves of
Ch. viscosa
var.
major
and its allopatric distribution, we decided to rank it to species status (=
Ch. major
(Benth.) A.O. Souza & M.J. Silva
) and not admit any
variety for
Ch. viscosa
, as explained in its comments.
Cassia
cuneifolia
by
Vogel
(1837)
,
C. viscosopilosa
by Steud. (1843),
C. trachyclada
de Glaziou (1906)
and
C. viscosa
var.
acuta
de
Ducke (1922)
interpreted as synonyms of
Ch. viscosa
var.
major
by
Irwin & Barneby (1978)
are also maintained here.
Characterization and morphological relationships:
—
Chamaecrista major
resembles
Ch. viscosa
by congested inflorescences along the leaf axils. However, the peculiar distribution and growth aspect, as well as the leaves of similar size throughout the stem with leaflets predominantly obcordate, spatulate or obtriangular, less frequently oboval or elliptical with an always revolute margin of
Ch. major
separates her from
Ch. viscosa
which is a subshrub or shrub with growth different from that of
Ch. major
, with leaves at the base of the branches larger than those at the apex of these with leaflets, generally elliptical, oboval, largely elliptical or suborbicular, usually larger than those of
Ch. major
; and has distribution in Central America and the western region of South America (
Bolivia
,
Paraguay
, to the Midwest region of
Brazil
).
The shape, texture, indumentum and aspect of the leaflet margin of
Ch. major
makes it also similar to
Ch. chapadae
. However,
Ch. chapadae
is a cespitose subshrub with a maximum height of
50 cm
, it has only terminal racemes and is endemic to Chapada Diamantina in
Bahia
.
Specimens examined
:—
BRAZIL
.
Amazonas
:
Nhamundá
, margem esquerda do
rio Nhamundá
,
08 July 1975
, (fl., fr.),
S
.
Assumpção
e D.
Coelho
76
(
INPA
).
Bahia
:
Baianópolis
, rodovia
Baianópolis-Santana
km 69,
12º50’S
,
44º14’W
,
01 September 1994
, (fr.),
G
.
P
.
Silva
et al. 2515
(
CEN
);
Barreiras
, near
Rio Piau
, ca.
150 km
SW.
Of Barreiras
,
850m
,
14 April 1966
, (fl.),
H
.
S
.
Irwin
et al. 14800
(
L
/
WAG
,
UB
);
Serra
34 km
W
of
Barreiras
,
710m
,
02 March 1972
, (fl.),
W
.
R
.
Anderson
et al. 36444
(
NY
,
UB
);
ib
., cerrado no entorno da
Cachoeira do Acaba Vidas
,
11°53’09’’S
,
45°35’48’’W
,
720m
,
01 May 2009
, (fl.),
L
.
P
.
Queiroz
et al. 14438
(
HUEFS
);
Correntina
, BR-020 divisa
Goiás-Bahia
,
Mimoso do Oeste
km 84,
13°20’00’’S
,
46°01’00’’W
,
860m
,
08 July 1993
, (fr.),
G
.
P
.
Silva
et al. 1360
(
CEN
);
Formosa do Rio Preto
,
Fazenda
escalvado,
15 May 1982
, (fl., fr.),
A
.
Fernandes
&
Matos
s. n. (
EAC
11327);
ib
., estrada para
Mateiros
(
TO
), BA-458,
18 July 2017
, (fl., fr.),
A
.
O
.
Souza
&
L
.
L
.
C
.
Antunes
2146
(
UB
);
São Desiderio
,
Roda Velha
,
10 March 1979
, (fl.),
G
.
Hatschbach
42060
(
INPA
,
XAL
);
ib
., Br-020, proximidades, do posto de gasolina
de Roda Velha
,
12º50’S
,
45º58’W
,
15 June 1983
, (fl., fr.),
L
.
Coradin
et al. 5713
(
CEN
);
ib
., BR-463
de São Desiderio
em direção a
Sítio Grande
,
12°24’46.3”S
,
45°01’52.4”W
,
663m
,
14 May 2017
, (fl., fr.),
A
.
O
.
Souza
et al. 2092, 2093, 2094
(
UB
,
UFG
).
Ceará
:
Crato
,
20km
ao
N
.
de Crato
,
Sítio Barreiras de Barbalha
,
22 August 1964
, (fl., fr.),
A
.
Castellanos
25215
(
NY
).
Maranhão
:
Carolina
, perto de
Carolina
,
26 May 1950
, (fl.),
J
.
M
.
Pires
&
G
.
A
.
Black
2268
(
INPA
,
L
/
U
);
Caxias
,
17 July 1973
, (fl., fr.),
A
.
Fernandes
s. n. (
EAC0002368
); Coelho Neto, na estrada para Coelho Neto, perto da
BR 316
,
10 June 1979
, (fl., fr.),
A
.
J
.
Castro
&
E
.
Nunes
s. n.(
EAC0006438
);
Estreito
,
Rodovia Belém-Brasília
,
30 km
S
of
Estreito
,
J
.
M
.
Pires
&
M
.
R
.
Santos
16129
(
F
);
Imperatriz
,
08 August 1949
, (fr.),
J
.
M
.
Pires
&
G
.
A
.
Black
1750
(
IAN
);
Lajeado
, entre
Lajeado
e
Grajaú
,
05 August 1978
, (fl., fr.),
A
.
Fernandes
&
Matos
s. n. (
EAC0004055
);
Loreto
,
Ilha de Balsas region
, between the
Rio Balsas
and
Parnaíba
, about
15km
South of Loreto
, falt top pf plateau “Serra do Penitente” on trail from
Faz. Trabalhosa
to
Lorêto
,
07°12’00”S
,
45°07’00”W
, 08
April
192, (fl.),
G
.
Eiten
&
L
.
T
.
Eiten
4205
(
SP
);
Porto Franco
, BR-10, km 1310-
Perto de Porto Franco
,
05 August 1978
, (fl., fr.),
A
.
Fernandes
&
Matos
s. n. (
EAC0004071
);
ib
., estrada de
Porto Franco
a
Carolina-Maranhão
,
24 April 1979
, (fl., fr.),
E
.
P
.
Nunes
P
.
Martins
s. n. (
EAC0005899
);
São João
dos
Patos
, BR-230, entre
São João
dos
Patos
e
Grajaú
,
23 April 1980
, (fl., fr.),
A
.
Fernandes
&
E
.
Nunes
s. n. (
EAC0008524
,
HUEFS139488
).
Minas Gerais
:
Claro
dos
Poções
,
Rod.
BR-365,
11 June 1990
, (fl.),
G
.
G
.
Hatschbach
54182
(
NY
);
Formoso
,
Parque Nacional Grande Sertão Veredas
,
Fazenda do Sr. Edgar
,
15°09’00”S
,
45°47’00”W
,
31 July 1989
, (fl.),
M
.
P
.
Neto
421
(
NY
); Ituiutaba,
25 km
N
.
da cidade de
Ituiutaba
,
22 May 1963
, (fl.), (fl.),
G
.
M
.
Magalhães
18974
(
NY
);
Paracatu
,
Ad
vias prope
Paracatu
, 1854, (fl.),
P
.
W
.
Lund
292
(
NY
);
Paraopeba
, caminho do
Araçaí
,
Horto Florestal de Paraopeba
,
21 September 1955
, (fl.),
E
.
P
.
Heringer
4079
(
NY
,
UB
);
Uberlândia
,
Estação Ecológica do Panga
,
25 September 2010
, (fl., fr.),
P
.
K
.
B
.
Hemsing
&
A
.
R
.
Rezende
315
(
HUFU
).
PARÁ
,
Gurupá
, estrada do
Rio Pucuruí
,
18 August 1954
, (fl., fr.),
J
.
M
.
Pires
&
N
.
T
.
Silva
4733
(
NY
);
ib
., arredores do aeroporto,
07 August 1968
, (fl., fr.),
M
.
S
.
Silva
1450
,
1451
(
NY
);
ib
., margem da estrada
Gurupá
,
Rio Tajapuru
,
09 February 1979
, (fl.),
N
.
T
.
Silva
&
C
.
Rosário
5081
(
NY
);
ib
.,
01°18’44”S
,
51°30’54”W
,
November 2015
, (fl.),
F
.
C
.
A
.
Lucas
1685
(
MFS
)
Jacareacanga
,
Reserva Crapuri
,
06°12’24”N
,
57°49’28”W
,
August 2012
, (fl.),
F
.
C
.
A
.
Lucas
934
(
MFS
);
Monte Alegre
, encosta alta da serra do
Ereré
,
15 May 1953
, (fl.),
D.
A
.
Lima
53-1608
(
IAN
);
Óbidos
, arredores do cemitério,
01 September 1968
, (fl., fr.),
M
.
Silva
1799
(
NY
);
Porto Trombetas
,
Areal de Terra Firme
,
08 December 1993
, (fr.),
S
.
M
.
Faria
et al. 630
(
F
);
Santarém
,
10 July 1955
, (fl.),
T
.
Alvarenga
s. n. (
NY01161563
);
ib
.,
Cajutuba
, margem direita do
Rio Tapajós
,
02 December 1978
, (fl.),
U
.
N
.
Maciel
&
M
.
R
.
Cordeiro
134
(
F
,
NY
);
ib
., rodovia
Cuiabá-Santarém
,
02º27’S
,
54º45’W
,
40m
, 02
Septembrer
1984, (fl., fr.),
L
.
Coradin
et al. 7163
(
CEN
);
ib
.,
Alter do Chão
,
17 September 1998
, (fl., fr.),
W
.
E
.
Magnuson
s. n. (
INPA212015
);
Terra Santa
, estrada que liga
Porto Trombetas
a
Terra Santa
,
03 September2009
, (fl., fr.),
R
.
D.
Ribeiro
&
C
.
G
.
Barbosa
1277
(
INPA
).
PIAUÍ
,
Amarante
, BR-343
Floriano-Teresina
, km 40,
25 May 1980
, (fl., fr.),
L
.
Coradin
et al. 2603
(
CEN
,
EAC
);
Barreiras
do
Piauí
,
18 July 1981
, (fl., fr.),
A
.
Fernandes
&
V
.
Rodrigues
s. n. (
EAC
10610);
ib
., APA-Estadual
Fazenda Fortaleza
(
Chapada
das
Mangabeiras
),
24 August 1996
, (fl., fr.),
A
.
Fernandes
et al.
s. n. (
EAC
24260,
HUEFS125213
);
Bom Jesus
,
Estação Ecológica de Uruçui-Una
,
14 April 1981
, (fl., fr.),
A
.
Fernandes
&
Del’Arco
s. n. (
EAC
48819);
ib
.,
16 April 1981
, (fl., fr.),
A
.
Fernandes
&
Del’Arco
s. n. (
EAC
10026)
ib
.,
17 May 1984
, (fl., fr.),
A
.
Fernandes
s. n.(
EAC
12582);
ib
.,
19 May 1984
, (fl.),
A
.
Fernandes
s. n.(
EAC
12595);
Currais
,
Rodovia
PI-392, de
Bom Jesus
em direção a
ESEC
Uruçui-Una
,
08°51’11.3”S
,
44°49’10.3”W
,
444m
,
21 July 2017
, (fl., fr.),
A
.
O
.
Souza
&
L
.
L
.
C
.
Antunes
2175, 2176
(
UB
,
UFG
);
Ribeiro Gonçalves
,
Estação Ecológica de Uruçui-Una
,
18 October 1980
, (fl., fr.),
A
.
Fernandes
&
A
.
J
.
Castro
s. n.(
EAC9069
); ib.,
13 April 1981
, (fl.),
M
.
R
.
Del’Arco
s. n. (
TEPB1602
).
Roraíma
:
Uiramutã
, cerrado ao lado do aeroporto,
04°35’46”N
,
60°09’29”W
,
509m
,
09 November 2014
, (fl.),
R
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,
300 m
,
14 March 1968
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S
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Colinas
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Darcinópolis
, rio
Tocantins
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Pedra
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06º43’03’’S
,
47º41’05’’W
,
210m
,
16 April 2008
, (fl.),
G
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Pereira-Silva
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Guaraí
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10 km
ao
Norte
,
26 March 1976
, (fl.),
G
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Hatschbach
38349
(
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.,
10 km
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48°31’00”W
,
400m
,
26 February 1980
, (fl.),
T
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Plowman
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Itacajá
,
Reserva
indígena
Krahó
, aldeia
Pedra Branca
, aproximadamente
500 m
a
NE
da aldeia,
08°18’12”S
,
47°34’56”W
,
09 May 2000
, (fl.),
A
.
A
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Santos
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(
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Mateiros
,
Rio Novo
,
10°33’00”S
,
46°39’00”W
,
469m
,
04 May 2001
, (fl.),
R
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Farias
et al. 437
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ib
., margem esquerda do rio novo,
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,
46º08’W
,
400m
,
08 May 2001
, (fl.),
C
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Proença
et al.
2512 (
CEN
,
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Novo Acordo
,
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,
216m
,
05 July 2008
, (fl., fr.),
E
.
R
.
Santos
et al. 1641
(
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Palmas
, área do
Parque Estadual do Lajeado
,
10°09’13.2”S
,
48°14’21”W
,
16 June 2000
, (fl., fr.),
E
.
A
.
Soares
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(
IBGE
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Palmeirante
, folha SB-22_Z-D bacia do
Tocantins
, sub-bacia do rio
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,
07°49’40”S
,
48°01’40”W
,
13 May 2010
, (fl.),
F
.
C
.
A
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Oliveira
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Peixe
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R
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A
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Kersten
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M
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Borgo
574
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)
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GUYANA
. in nova
Graneta
, s. dat., s. col. (
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Savannah,
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R
,
04 January 1955
, (fl.),
H
.
S
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Irwin
586
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)
.
SURINAME
.
Vicinity
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SW of
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,
12 August 1974
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A
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A
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Lasseigne
4423
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VENEZUELA
.
Frontier
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,
03 January 1955
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B
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Maguire
40481
(
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Bolívar
:
Gran Sabana
; ca.
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and
Río Asadon
(
Río Sanpa
),
28 April 1988
, (fl., fr.),
R
.
L
.
Liesner
24002
(
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)
.