Pamphilius lobatus Maa, 1950

(Figs 97–99) (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11405238)

Pamphilius lobatus Maa, 1950: 17; Shinohara, 1988b: 194; Kim et al., 1994: 217; Shinohara & Lee, 1997: 220; Shinohara, 2002b: 427: Shinohara, 2004: 264; Shinohara & Taeger, 2007: 38; Shinohara & Lelej, 2007: 932, 940; Paek et al., 2010: 161; Taeger et al., 2010: 88; Shinohara & Hara, 2011: 213; Sundukov & Lelej, 2012: 109; Sundukov, 2017: 105; Lee et al., 2019: 10; Shinohara, 2019: 10; Shinohara, 2020: 15, 245; Shinohara & Tripotin, 2021a: 62; Shinohara & Tripotin, 2021b: 197.

Material examined. About 230 specimens, including 145 specimens from the Russian Far Est and South Korea (Shinohara 1988b; Shinohara & Lee 1997; Shinohara & Taeger 2007; Shinohara & Tripotin 2021a, b; present work). New collection data: RUSSIA: Primorskij Kraj: 1♀, Lazovsky distr., upstream of Luk’yanov Log Creek, Malaise trap, 25. VI . 2008, Yu. Sundukov, YS 034 (SDEI); 1♀ (Fig. 98, DEI-GISHym 88047), Anisimovka 7 km S, Mt. Litovka, 1200m, 43.102°N 132.786°E, 19. VI. 2017, V. Loktionov (SDEI). SOUTH KOREA: Gangwon-do: 1♂, Tokchomgogae, nr. Chuncheon, 22. V . 1992, A. Shinohara (NSMT). 1♂, Jingogae, 850m, Odaesan Mts ., 2. VI . 1992, A. Shinohara (NSMT). 1♀ 2♂, Mirugam (Bukdaesa), 1300m, Odaesan Mts ., 21–26. V . 1989, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 4♀ 6♂, same locality, 29. V.–2. VI . 1991, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1♀ 2♂, same locality, 30. V.–2. VI . 1992, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1♀ 1♂, same locality, 27–29. V . 1993, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 2♀ 1♂, same locality, 29. V.–6. VI . 1996, J.-W. Kim (NSMT); 2♀, same locality, 3–7. VI . 1997, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 2♂, same locality, 29–30. V . 1998, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 3♀ 8♂, same locality, 23. V.–4. VI . 2002, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1♀ 2♂ (NSMT 30763–5), same locality, 27–30. V . 2008, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 4♀ 14♂ (incl. NSMT 30856, 30862), same locality, 27. V.–5. VI . 2009, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1♀ 6♂, same locality, 11–18. VI . 2010, A. Shinohara (NSMT). Jeollanam-do: 1♂, Mt. Nogodan, 1200m, Chirisan Mts ., 4–5. VI . 1996, A. Shinohara (NSMT); 1♀, same data, 26–28. V. 1997 (NSMT).

Distribution. Russia (Primorskij Kraj), China (Jilin), South Korea, Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu) (Shinohara & Taeger 2007).

Host plant. Caprifoliaceae: Macrodiervilla middendorffiana (Carriere) Nakai (Shinohara & Hara 2011).

Remarks. This species belongs to the P. thorwaldi complex of the P. stramineipes subgroup of the P. vafer group (Shinohara 2002b). The P. thorwaldi complex is represented by P. lobatus, P. belokobylskiji, P. planifrons, P. rhoae and P. thorwaldi Kontuniemi, 1946, and P. lobatus has the widest range of distribution among the East Asian members.

It should be noted that in the COI analysis (Fig. 149) nine sequences of this species were retrieved as two separate clades, the Japanese specimens (n=3) and the Korean and Russian specimens (n=6). The maximum p -distance among the Japanese specimens was 0.9% and that among the Korean and Russian specimens was 0.2% whereas the two sets of sequences diverged by a minimum of 2.7%. The last value is quite large as an intraspecific distance and comparable to the interspecific distance between closely related congeners, such as P. albopictus and P. kamikochensis (2.0%) or P. benesi and P. pallidus (2.9%). In the NaK analysis (Fig. 161), the Japanese and the continental clusters were not clearly differentiated. Here we treat the continental and Japanese populations as conspecific, though a fairly large geographical genetic diversification apparently exists between them.