Pamphilius tricolor Beneš, 1974

(Figs 121, 122) (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11405304)

Pamphilius tricolor Beneš, 1974: 301, 313; Shinohara, 1995: 50; Zhelochovtsev & Zinovjev, 1995: 398; Shinohara & Zinovjev, 1996: 110; Shinohara, 2002b: 426; Shinohara, 2004: 263; Shinohara & Taeger, 2007: 38; Shinohara & Lelej, 2007: 936, 942; Shinohara & Hara, 2009: 295; Sundukov, 2009: 213; Taeger et al., 2010: 91; Sundukov & Lelej, 2012: 109; Sundukov, 2017: 105; Lee et al., 2019: 11; Shinohara, 2019: 12; Shinohara, 2020: 20, 250.

See Shinohara (1995) for more references.

Material examined. About 150 specimens, including the holotype. Ninety-six specimens are from the Russian Far East and Korea (Shinohara 1995; Shinohara & Zinovjev 1996; Shinohara & Taeger 2007; present work). New collection data: SOUTH KOREA: Gangwon-do: 1♀, Mirugam (Bukdaesa), 1300m, Odaesan Mts., 29. V.–1. VI . 1996, J.-W. Kim (NSMT).

Distribution. Russia (Urals, eastern Siberia, Sakha Republic, Kamchatka Kraj, Magadanskaya Oblast, Khabarovskij Kraj, Primorskij Kraj), South Korea, Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu) (Shinohara & Taeger 2007).

Host plant. Salicaceae: Salix caprea L. (Shinohara & Hara 2009).

Remarks. Pamphilius tricolor belongs to the P. gyllenhali subgroup of the P. histrio group (Shinohara 2002b) and is most closely related to the European P. gyllenhali (Dahlbom, 1835) . These two allopatric species are similar morphologically, though distinguishable from each other, and share the same host plant and larval habits (Shinohara 1995; Shinohara & Hara 2009). The available COI data for the two species were retrieved as monophyletic with 100% UFBoot support, but the two species were not clearly differentiated within the clade (Fig. 142).