Pamphilius alnicola Ermolenko, 1973

(Figs 52, 53) (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11405109)

Pamphilius alnicola Ermolenko, 1973: 24; Beneš, 1977: 263; Shinohara, 1985a: 327; Shinohara, 1988a: 318; Shinohara & Hara, 1993: 546; Shinohara & Hara, 2005: 274; Zhelochovtsev & Zinovjev, 1995: 397; Shinohara, 2001: 113, 115; Shinohara, 2002a: 189; Shinohara, 2002b: 429; Shinohara, 2004: 265; Shinohara & Hara, 2005: 274; Shinohara & Lelej, 2007: 931, 940; Taeger et al., 2010: 86; Sundukov & Lelej, 2012: 108; Sundukov, 2017: 104; Shinohara, 2019: 8; Shinohara, 2020: 14, 244.

“ P. sp. n.”: Beneš, 1974: 313.

Material examined. About 85 specimens, including one specimen from the Russian Far East (Shinohara 1988a).

Distribution. Russia (Primorskij Kraj), Japan (Hokkaido, Shikotan Is., Honshu) (Shinohara 1988a).

Host plant. Betulaceae: Alnus hirsuta (Spach) Turcz. ex Rupr. (Shinohara & Hara 1993, 2005).

Remarks. Shinohara (1988a) gave a collection record of one female specimen from Primorskij Kraj (Tedjuche = Dal’negorsk district) and no additional specimens have been available from the continent. The species is uncommon throughout its distribution range. The larvae are gregarious leaf rollers on Alnus (Shinohara & Hara 1993) .

This is a member of the P. sylvaticus group (Shinohara 1985 a, 1988 a, 2001, 2002b). The maximum intraspecific p -distance within P. alnicola is 0.5% in COI (n=2) and 0.1% in NaK (n=2). Pamphilius alnicola was retrieved as the sister of P. montanus Shinohara, 1985, with UFBoot support of 82% in the COI tree (Fig. 145), whereas it was retrieved as the sister of the clade consisting of P. benesi Shinohara, 1985, P. pallidus Shinohara, 1988, P. volatilis (Smith, 1874), P. gracilis Shinohara, 1985, P. graciloides sp. nov. and P. montanus with UFBoot support of 99% in the NaK tree (Fig. 159). In the distance data, the nearest neighbour of P. alnicola was P. volatilis, diverging by a minimum of 4.9% in the COI analysis and P. montanus and P. volatilis by a minimum of 0.6% in the NaK analysis.