Pamphilius benesi Shinohara, 1985

(Figs 64, 65) (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11405151)

Pamphilius benesi Shinohara, 1985a: 327; Shinohara, 1988a: 319; Shinohara & Hara, 1997b: 851; Shinohara, 2001: 108, 113, 116; Shinohara, 2002a: 189; Shinohara, 2002b: 429; Shinohara, 2004: 265; Shinohara & Hara, 2005: 274; Taeger et al., 2010: 86; Shinohara, 2013: 94; Lee et al., 2019: 9; Shinohara, 2019: 9; Shinohara, 2020: 14, 245.

Material examined. About 340 specimens, including the type series. Seventy-two specimens are from South Korea (Shinohara 2001) .

Distribution. South Korea, Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu) (Shinohara 2001).

Host plant. Betulaceae: Corylus sieboldiana Blume var. sieboldiana (Shinohara & Hara 1997b, 2005).

Remarks. This species belongs to the P. sylvaticus group (Shinohara 1985 a, 1988 a, 2001, 2002b). From Korea, only a series of male specimens collected in 1992 and 1993 have been recorded (Shinohara 2001) and no material for molecular studies was available. The larvae are gregarious leaf rollers on Corylus .

The maximum intraspecific p -distance within P. benesi from Japan was 2.2% in COI (n=7) and 0.6% in NaK (n=7) and the nearest neighbour was P. pallidus, diverging by a minimum of 2.9% in the COI analysis, and by a minimum of 0.5% in the NaK analysis. In both COI and NaK trees (Figs 145, 159), P. benesi was the sister of P. pallidus with 100% UFBoot support.