Key to Chinese species of Anastatus

1 Female ............................................................................................. 2

- Male.............................................................................................. 15

2(1) Fore wing variably reduced, extending at most only about two-thirds length of gaster (e.g., Figs 7A, 14A, 18A, 22A)...... 3

- Fore wing not reduced, extending at least to apex of gaster (e.g., Figs 1A, 6B, 12B, 16B)............................ 6

3(2) Fore wing discal region either without hyaline cross band behind marginal vein (Fig. 22G) or with only an obscure remnant (Fig. 18F: cbr)........................................................................................ 4

- Fore wing discal region with distinct hyaline cross band behind marginal vein (Figs 7F, 14H, I)....................... 5

4(3) Fore wing discal region with dense, dark brown setae except for region of orangish setae medially and sometimes an obscure remnant of a hyaline cross band apically (Fig. 18F: cbr); head in lateral view meniscoidal, face and vertex uniformly curved to occiput (Fig. 18B)............................................................. A. meilingensis Sheng and Yu

- Fore wing discal region with dense, light coloured setae (Fig. 22G); head in lateral view more rhomboidal, vertex inclined relative to uniformly curved face (Fig. 22H).................................................. A. pariliquadrus n. sp.

5(3) Fore wing either without evident stigmal vein or with short stigmal vein appressed to postmarginal vein, and with comparatively short marginal venation, combined length of marginal + postmarginal veins only about 1.2× width of wing (Figs 14H, I); mesoscutum, scutellum, and axillae with strong green to blue metallic luster (Fig. 14E)... Anastatus gastropachae Ashmead

- Fore wing with distinct stigmal vein projecting into disc, and with comparatively long marginal vein, combined length of marginal + postmarginal veins about 1.5× width of wing (Fig. 7F); mesoscutum, scutellum, and axilla without metallic luster (Fig. 7G).......................................................................... Anastatus flavaeratus n. sp.

6(2) Fore wing with two hyaline spots with white setae behind marginal vein separated by infuscate region with dark setae (Figs 6A, H)...................................................................... Anastatus echidna (Motschulsky)

- Fore wing with complete hyaline cross band behind marginal vein (Figs 4F, 8H, 10G), though sometimes with some dark setae within hyaline region medially (e.g., Figs 4I, 12I)............................................................ 7

7(6) Profemur ventrally with blunt (Figs 23H, I) to sharp (Figs 3I, 9A: arrow) tooth within about apical third; mesosoma with pronotum, mesonotum, tegula and acropleuron similarly dark (Figs 3G, 4A, 8F, 23B).................................. 8

- Profemur ventrally without tooth (Fig. 1H); mesosoma sometimes with acropleuron at least posteriorly and/or pronotum and prepectus much lighter in colour than dark mesonotum (Figs 16 C–E)........................................... 11

8(7) Mesoscutum with anterior convex part of medial lobe mesh-like coriaceous to pustulate over about anterior half and mesh-like reticulate over about posterior half, and posterior concave part only sparsely setose with hair-like setae (Fig. 3E).................................................................................... Anastatus colemani Crawford

- Mesoscutum with anterior convex part of medial lobe entirely mesh-like reticulate, and posterior concave part densely setose with mostly white, slightly lanceolate setae (Figs 4B, 8B)..................................................... 9

9(8) Profemur with ventral margin abruptly angulate, with blunt tooth, subapically (Figs 23H, I); mesoscutal lateral lobe entirely, uniformly setose (Fig. 23E); fore wing with hyaline cross band uniformly wide and without any isolated dark setae medially (Fig. 23F)......................................................... Anastatus shichengensis Sheng and Wang

- Profemur ventrally with distinct, acute tooth or spine-like process subapically (Fig. 9A: arrow); mesoscutal lateral lobe often with mediolongitudinal bare band anterior of posteromedian carina (Fig. 8D); fore wing sometimes with apical margin of hyaline cross band angulate relative to basal margin so as to be narrower medially and/or with at least a few isolated dark setae medially (Figs 4 G–I)................................................................................. 10

10(9) Mesoscutal lateral lobe with differentiated bare band of more-or-less mesh-like coriaceous sculpture anterior to posteromedian carina (Figs 8B, D); fore wing hyaline cross band with setae all white, not interrupted medially by dark setae, comparatively broad such that basal infuscate region at most about 2.5× wider than cross band, and apical margin of cross band similarly curved as basal margin (Figs 8G, H); scrobal depression of at least larger individuals usually with comparatively distinct, abrupt lateral margins curving dorsomesally, though not completely delineating dorsal margin (Figs 8C, E)............................................................................................. Anastatus formosanus Crawford

- Mesoscutal lateral lobe setose and more-or-less uniformly roughened, reticulate-imbricate to reticulate-rugose anterior to posteromedian carina (Figs 4B, D); fore wing hyaline cross band often with at least a few isolated dark setae medially (Fig. 4H) or even more distinct region of dark setae (Fig. 4I), and then comparatively narrow such that basal infuscate region about 3.0× wider than cross band (Figs 4 G–I) and/or apical margin of cross band distinctly angulate (Figs 4H, I); scrobal depression with comparatively indistinct, rounded margins dorsolaterally (Figs 4C, E)........... Anastatus dexingensis Sheng and Wang

11(7) Mesoscutum with anterior convex part of medial lobe at least extensively mesh-like coriaceous, at most distinctly reticulate only posteriorly (Fig. 1G); fore wing basal region entirely bare (Fig. 1F: bac, cua, vna); mesosoma entirely dark, with posterior concave part of medial lobe similarly dark as remainder of mesoscutum (Figs 1B, G)..... Anastatus bifasciatus (Geoffroy)

- Mesoscutum with anterior convex part of medial lobe mostly to entirely mesh-like reticulate (Figs 10G, 12F, 16G, H, 20E); fore wing with basal region extensively setose, though basal cell often with white and comparatively inconspicuous setae (Figs 10G, 13A, 16F, 20G); mesosoma sometimes with one or more of pronotum, prepectus, and acropleuron at least posteriorly, obviously paler than mesoscutum (Figs 10F, 12G, 16 C–E, 20F) and/or posteromedial part of mesoscutum with comparatively bright metallic luster relative to remainder of mesoscutum (Figs 10E, 12F, 16H, 20E).............................. 12

12(11) Acropleuron variably distinctly though noticeably paler (brown to orangish or yellow) than dark mesoscutum over at least about posterior half (Figs 16 C–E)................................................ Anastatus japonicus Ashmead

- Acropleuron uniformly dark with slight metallic luster similar to mesoscutum or at most somewhat paler only anteriorly near prepectus (Figs 10F, 12G, 20F)......................................................................... 13

13(12) Mesoscutum with posterior concave part setose medially for width only about equal to width of bare region on either side (Fig. 12F); flagellum with all funiculars longer than wide (Figs 12D, E); fore wing with apical margin of hyaline cross band more strongly V-like angulate than basal margin such that length along marginal vein about twice medial length (Fig. 12H), and usually with a few isolated dark setae medially (Fig. 12I); procoxa similarly pale as lateral surface of pronotum (Fig. 12G); mesotarsus (excluding pegs) and mesotibial apical spur pale (Fig. 13B)............ Anastatus gansuensis Chen and Zang

- Mesoscutum with posterior concave part setose for almost entire width (Figs 10E, 20E); flagellum with at least apical funicular quadrate to slightly transverse (Figs 10D, 20D); fore wing with apical and basal margins of hyaline cross vein similarly curved to angulate so length along marginal vein similar to medial length, and without isolated dark setae medially (Figs 10G, 20G); procoxa sometimes dark, much darker than pale lateral surface of pronotum (Fig. 10F); mesotarsus and/or mesotibial apical spur sometimes at least partly infuscate (Figs 10H, 20H)..................................................... 14

14(13) Mesotarsus uniformly yellowish to white in contrast to dark pegs (Fig. 20H); procoxa usually with at least ventral surface similarly pale as lateral panel of pronotum (Fig. 20F)................................ Anastatus orientalis Yang and Choi

- Mesotarsus sometimes entirely infuscate similar to dark pegs, but at least basal two tarsomeres variably conspicuously infuscate over at least dorsal and posterior surfaces (Fig. 10H); procoxa entirely dark, much darker than lateral surface of pronotum (Fig. 10F)................................................................ Anastatus fulloi Sheng and Wang

15(1) Legs entirely yellow beyond coxae (Fig. 21B) or at most with metafemur infuscate only over about ventral half (Fig. 21E); flagellum with basal flagellomeres paler than darker brown apical flagellomeres such that darker multiporous plate sensilla contrast in colour with surrounding cuticle (Fig. 21G); speculum slender, closed posteriorly (Figs 21F, H: spc); costal cell dorsally setose along entire leading margin (Fig. 21H)................................... Anastatus orientalis Yang and Choi

- Legs with at least femora and metatibia partly dark (e.g., Figs 2B, 5F, 24A); flagellum often uniformly dark (e.g., Figs 11E, 13G, 24E), but if as described above (e.g., Fig. 9F) then at least speculum broad (Figs 5H, 9I: spc) and sometimes open posteriorly (Fig. 9I), and sometimes costal cell dorsally setose only apically (Fig. 9I)................................... 16

16(15) Flagellum consisting of five funiculars and clava, with clava (Fig. 2E: clv) greatly elongate, at least twice as long as combined length of funiculars......................................................... Anastatus bifasciatus (Geoffroy)

- Flagellum consisting of seven funiculars and clava, with clava shorter than combined length of funiculars (e.g., Figs 5D, 9F). .................................................................................................. 17

17(16) Mesotibia extensively dark apically (Figs 17A, J); fore wing with basal cell uniformly, completely setose and disc with comparatively small and slender speculum (Fig. 17I: spc); flagellum entirely dark (Figs 17A, F) and with clava only about as long as combined length of fl8 and fl7 plus apical half of fl6 (Fig. 17H)...................................................................................................... Anastatus japonicus Ashmead (based on type material)

- Mesotibia entirely pale (Figs 5F, 9C, 11A, 17B, C, 24A); fore wing sometimes with large speculum (Figs 5H, 9I, 24I: spc) and/or basal cell extensively bare; flagellum sometimes with one or more basal flagellomeres pale, more-or-less orange, such that darker multiporous plate sensilla (Figs 5D, 9F: mps) contrast in colour with surrounding cuticle or clava at least as long as combined length of fl6–fl8 (Figs 11G, 17G)............................................................... 18

18(17) Flagellum with one or more basal funiculars paler than apical flagellomeres such that darker multiporous plate sensilla contrast in colour with surrounding cuticle (Figs 5D, F; 9C, F); costal cell sometimes setose along leading margin only within apical half or less (Fig. 9I); fore wing disc with large, subquadrangular speculum (Figs 5H, 9I: spc)........................ 19

- Flagellum uniformly dark such that multiporous plate sensilla not contrasting in colour and not conspicuously differentiated from surrounding cuticle (Figs 11A, E, 13G, 17C, E, 19F, 24A, E); costal cell setose along leading margin for entire or almost entire length (Figs 11H, 17I, 24I); fore wing disc often with comparatively slender, more oblique-rectangular speculum (Figs 11H, 17I)........................................................................................... 20

19(18) Costal cell at most setose along leading margin for less than half length apically, usually only anterior to parastigma (Fig. 9I); speculum (Fig. 9I: spc) often open or only partly closed posteriorly.................... Anastatus formosanus Crawford

- Costal cell setose along entire leading margin (Fig. 5I); speculum (Fig. 5H: spc) closed posteriorly (Fig. 5H: cuf)............................................................................. Anastatus dexingensis Sheng and Wang

20(18) Clava at least as long as combined length of fl6–fl8 (Figs 11G, 17G)...................................................................................... Anastatus fulloi Sheng and Wang and A. japonicus Ashmead (of authors)

- Clava shorter than combined length of previous three funiculars (Figs 13G, 19G, 24E, F)........................... 21

21(20) Legs with mesofemora mostly conspicuously paler than pro- and metafemora, and metatibia with about basal half pale and apical half darker, though lighter brown than respective femur (Fig. 19B)........... Anastatus meilingensis Sheng and Yu

- Legs with all femora similarly dark, and metatibia mostly similarly dark as femur, pale basally for distance only about equal to own apical width or about one-quarter or less length of tibia (Figs 13D, 24A).......................................................................... Anastatus gansuensis Chen and Zang and A. shichengensis Sheng and Wang