Roederiodes recurvatus Chillcott

(Figs 5–7, 9, 11, 15, 25–28, 36)

Roederioides recurvata Chillcott, 1961: 424 . Type locality: Old Chelsea, Quebec, Canada.

Roederioides juncta: Vaillant, 1960: 117 [misidentification] (Sinclair et al. 2020: 264).

Roederiodes recurvatus: Melander, 1965: 468 [catalogue]; Wilder, 1981: 419 [review]; Sinclair, 1995: 698 [species list].

Type material. HOLOTYPE ♁, labelled: “ Old Chelsea [45°32′N 75°52′W]/ Que. 3-x-1956 / J.R. Vockeroth ”; “HOLOTYPE/ Roederioides / recurvatus/ Chillcott/ CNC No. 7186 [red label]; “ CNC/ 1104797 ” (CNC) [https:// cnc.agr.gc.ca/taxonomy/Specimen.php?id=418656] . ALLOTYPE: same data as holotype except, 26.ix.1955 (1 ♀, CNC) . PARATYPES: CANADA. Quebec: same data as holotype (1 ♁, 3 ♀, CNC; 1 ♀, USNM); same data as holotype except, 13.ix.1956 (1 ♁, 2 ♀, CNC); same data as allotype (1 ♁, 3 ♀, CNC; 1 ♀, USNM); same data as holotype except, 27.ix.1955 (1 ♀, CNC; 1 ♀, USNM); same data as holotype except, 5.x.1955 (1 ♁, USNM); same data as holotype except, 9.x.1955 (1 ♁, USNM); Perkins Mills [45°36′N 75°38′W], 11.vi.1949, G.E. Shewell (1 ♀, CNC) . Ontario: Algonquin PP, Lake Sasajewan Dam [45°35′29″N 78°31′09″W], 14.vii.1955, B. V. Peterson (2 ♁, CNC) ; Collingwood Tsp, Black Ash Ck [44°28′N 80°18′W], 10.x.1948, F.P. Ide (1 ♁, 2 ♀, CNC) . USA. Maine: Bangor [44°48′N 68°46′W], 16.vii.1958, J. R. Vockeroth (1 ♁, CNC) .

Additional material examined. Canada. Ontario: Algonquin PP, Nipissing Co., Tea Lk. Dam [45°29′N 78°45′W], Oxtongue R., 19.vii.1991, BJS (1 ♀, CNC) ; Algonquin PP, Highland tr., outflow from Provoking Lake [45°33′N 78°30′W], 18.vii.1991, BJS (3 ♁, 1 ♀, CNC) ; Bruce Peninsula, 5 km N Dyer’s Bay [45.189°N 81.331°W], 2.vii.2001, waterfall edge, M. Pollet,A. De Braekeleer (1 ♀, CNC); Damascus [43°54′54″N 80°28′53″W], 21.ix.1976, JMC (4 ♁, 3 ♀, DEBU) ; Dundas, Borer’s Falls Cons. Area, stream below falls, 43.290, -79.934, 19.vi.2022, BJS (2 ♁, 1 ♀, CNC) ; 10 km E Eganville, outlet Bonnechere Caves [45°30′N 77°00′W], 9.viii.1993, JCM (1 ♁, 2 ♀, CNC) ; Fitzroy PP, 24.vi.2016, 49°29′11.1″N 76°13′12.8″W [45.484°N 76.222°W], waterfall, JMC (1 ♀, CNC) ; Grey Co., Owen Sound, Inglis Falls Cons. Area [44°31′N 80°56′W], Guelph, 8.x.1975, S.A. Marshall (1 ♁, DEBU); Guelph, Eramosa River [43°32′51″N 80°11′52″W], 15.ix.1993, C. Krupke (1 ♁, DENU); Sydenham R., 29.vii.1990, BJS (7 ♁, 5 ♀, CNC); Halton Co., Hilton Falls Cons. Area [43°30′N 79°58′W], ck below falls, 27.vi.1991, BJS (3 ♀, CNC) ; Lake Timiskaming, Opémika Falls, 46.842°N 79.248°W, 23.vii.2022, BJS (3 ♁, CNC) ; Lake Superior PP, Foam Lake, 47°44.639′N 84°52.059′W, 24.vii.2020, stream, BJS (1 ♁, CNC) ; Nipissing Co., North Bay, Duchesnay Ck [46°20′N 79°30′W], 12.vi.1993, BJS (1 ♁, 2 ♀, CNC) ; Parry Sound Co., 5 km E Orrville [45°22′N 79°46′W], 6.viii.1989, cascades Seguin R., BJS (8 ♁, 8 ♀, CNC) ; Samuel de Champlain PP, Etienne Tr, 46°17.83′N 78°52.11′W, 28.vii.2020, waterfall, BJS (1 ♁, CNC) ; same data except, 14.vii.2021 (1 ♁, 1 ♀, CNC) . Quebec: Old Chelsea [45°32′N 75°52′W], 25.vi.1959, J.G. Chillcott (1 ♀, CNC); Old Chelsea, 9.vii., 30.viii.1959, J. R. Vockeroth (1 ♁, 1 ♀, CNC); same date except, 8.x.1995, CNC 103467 (1 ♀, barcoded, CNC); Gatineau Pk, Luskville Falls [45°32′N 75°59′W], 8.vi.1989, BJS (2 ♁, 1 ♀, CNC) ; same data except, JCM (2 ♁, CNC); same data except, 1.viii.1988, seepage, JMC (1 ♁, CNC); Gatineau Pk, Lac Philippe Cpgd, stream at Lusk Cave [45°35′N 75°59′W], 7.vii.1990, BJS (1 ♁, 1 ♀, CNC) ; Gatineau Pk, Dunlop Picnic Area [46°36′N 76°00′W], stream, 14.vii.1991, BJS (1 ♁, CNC) ; Gatineau Pk, Parent Beach, stream, 29.vii.1992, BJS (1 ♁, 1 ♀, CNC) ; Gatineau Pk, Waterfall Tr., above falls, 45°28′41.08″N 75°51′02.98″W, 24.vi.2009, BJS, CNC 103463–466 (2 ♁, 2 ♀, barcoded, CNC) ; same data except, 17.iv.2021 (1 ♁, 1 ♀, CNC); Gatineau Pk, Meech Lk., Carbide Willson Ruins, 7.x.2021, 45°32′18.45″N 75°52′03″W, sweeping waterfall rocks, BJS, CNC 1155787–792, (1 ♁, 5 ♀, barcoded, CNC) ; Gatineau Pk, Black Lk. Tr., W outflow, 8.vi.–9.ix.2012, waterfall Malaise, 45°25′57″N 75°55′19″W, JCM & S.E. Brooks (5 ♁, 2 ♀, CNC); Lac du Pain de Sucre, Squatec, 47°49′25.5″N 68°39′59.6″W, 8.vii.2009, BJS (1 ♁, CNC) ; P.N. des Hautes-Gorges-de-la-Rivière-Malbaie, Acropole-des-Draveurs Tr., N47°53′ W70°27′, streams along trail, 16.vii.2019, BJS (1 ♀, CNC) ; P.N Opémican, Ruisseau White, 46°50′06.87″N 79°12′24.24″W, 23.vii.2022, BJS (1 ♁, CNC) ; Tributaire lac Detecheverry (Nathalie), emergence trap, 10.viii.–25.ix.1974 (12 ♁, 36 ♀, QMOR); Rivière du Castor [53.403, -78.195], emergence trap, 31.v.–6.ix.1975 (6 ♁, 12 ♀, QMOR) . USA. Alabama: Morgan Co., Lipcomb Spring, S of Lacey Springs Comm., 213 m, 34.525803°N 86.602208°W, 15.vi.2021, J.K. Moulton (1 ♀, CNC) . Arkansas: Newton Co., Buffalo Nat. River, Mt. Hersey, Mill Ck, 36°0′35″N 92°57′10″W, 225 m, 4.vi.2019, BJS (13 ♁, 10 ♀, CNC) ; Stone Co., Ozark NF, Blanchard Springs [35°57′N 92°10′W], stream nr spring, 21.v.1991, BJS (7 ♁, 6 ♀, CNC) ; same data except, below source (3 ♁, 1 ♀, CNC) . Georgia: Clark Co., Athens [33°57′N 83°23′W], 9–16.iv., 25.v.1976, JFM (1 ♁, 3 ♀, CNC); Dawson Co., Amicalola Falls SP [34°33′N 84°14′W], 18 mi W Dahlonega, Little Amicalola Ck, 25.iv.1989, JMC (1 ♀, CNC) ; Lumpkin Co., Chattahoochee NF, Desoto Falls Scenic Area [34°43′N 83°55′W], Frogtown Ck, 20.vi.1990, BJS CNC 103457 (1 ♀, barcoded, CNC) ; White Co., Chattahoochee NF, Anna Ruby Falls [34.757°N 83.710°W], 21.v.1990, BJS (3 ♁, 3 ♀, CNC) . Indiana: Lawrence Co., Spring Mill SP [3 8°44′N 86°25′W], Donaldson Cave Ck, 19.v.1991, BJS (2 ♁, 3 ♀, CNC) . Maryland: Plummers Island [38°58′10″N 77°10′35″W], 14.xi.1914, R.C. Shannon (1 ♁, CNC) . Michigan: Marquette Co., 15 mi Big Bay, Huron Mtn. Club [46°53′N 87°51′W], 22–26.vi.1986 (1 ♀, CNC) . New Hampshire: Black Brook [43.0097°N 71.4756°W], 3.ix.1986, P. Sibley (1 ♁, 1 ♀, DEBU); Glen House [44.294°N 71.226°W], 17.vi.1916, C.W. Johnson (1 ♁, USNM); White Mtns, Crawford Notch [44.208°N 71.405°W], 27.viii.1937, ALM (1 ♁, USNM) . New York: Ludlowville [42.554°N 76.538°W], 26.vi.1973, L.L. Pechuman (1 ♁, USNM); Tompkins Co., Ludlowville, Salmon Ck [42°33′N 76°32′W], 17.vii.1979, D.J. Bickel (1 ♁, CNC); West Nyack [41°5′28″N 73°58′8″W], 5.vi.1938, ALM (1 ♁, USNM) . North Carolina: Caldwell Co., 1 mi S Edgemont, Wilson Ck [36°00′N 81°46′W], 26.v.1999, JCM (1 ♁, 1 ♀, CNC) ; Haywood Co., GSMNP, Cataloochee Ck [35.639°N 83.081°W], 12.vi.1990, BJS (1 ♀, CNC) ; Macon Co., Coweeta Hydrologic Lab, lower Slope Fork, 35°03′N 83°25′W, 14–18.iii.2004, Malaise, G.W. Courtney (1 ♁, 2 ♀, ISIC) . Pennsylvania: Erie Co., Penn State Behrend, Fourmile Ck, Site 2, 42.1208°N 79.9908°W, 30.vi.1990, E.C. Masteller (1 ♀, CNC) . South Carolina: Oconee Co., Sumter NF, Brasstown Falls [34°34′N 83°18′W], cascades, 22.vi.1990, BJS (8 ♁, 3 ♀, CNC) ; Lexington Co., Lexington env. [33°58′N 81°13′W], stream, ypans, 24– 30.iv.2000, L. Masner (1 ♁, CNC) . Tennessee: USA: TN: Franklin Co., Water Cure Springs, ex Water Cure Rd., 35°10′3.06″N 86°14′47.7″W, 14.vi.2021, J.K. Moulton (3 ♁, CNC); GSMNP, Gatlinburg, Newfound Gap [35°36′N 83°25′W], 4000 ft, 2.vi.1962, J.G. Chillcott (1 ♁, CNC); Sevier Co., GSMNP, Elkmont Cpgd [35°39′N 83°34′W], Jakes Ck, 14.vi.1990, BJS (1 ♁, 1 ♀, CNC) ; same data except, Little R. (1 ♀, CNC); Sevier Co., GSMNP, Ramsay Cascade Tr., 35°42′10″N 83°21′27″W, Middle Prong Little Pigeon R., 13.vi.2008, BJS, CNC 103455 (1 ♀, barcoded, CNC); Smokies, Little Pigeon R, 27.vi.1941, ALM (2 ♁, 10 ♀, USNM) ; same data except, Laurel Falls, 24.vi.1941, ALM (1 ♀, USNM) ; same data except, Chimneys, 29.vi.1941 (5 ♁, 3 ♀, USNM); same data except, Newfound Gap, 2.vii.1941 (1 ♁, USNM); Van Buren Co., Fall Ck Falls SP [35.662°N 85.349°W], Fall Ck below falls, 19.vi.1990, BJS (6 ♁, 1 ♀, CNC) . Vermont: Rutland Co., Brandon [43.799°N 73.080°W], 21.viii.1988, falls on Nehobe R., JMC (5 ♁, 4 ♀, CNC) ; Rutland Co., Gifford Woods SP [43.676°N 72.810°W], Kent Brook, 19.viii.1988, JCM (1 ♀, CNC) . Virginia: Grayson Co., Grayson Highlands SP [36°37′N 81°30′W], Big Wilson Ck, 10.vi.1990, BJS (3 ♁, 3 ♀, CNC) ; same data except, 13.vi.2004 (1 ♁, 1 ♀, CNC) . West Virginia: Greenbrier Co., Monongahela NF; 591 m, Spring Run Crossing, CR 16, 37.918878°N 80.22389°W, 21.vii.2021, J.K. Moulton (1 ♁, 1 ♀, CNC) .

Possible additional material. Newfoundland & Labrador: Gros Morne NP, Gros Morne Trail, 17.ix.2013, 49.5686, -57.8302, 39 m, MT, M. Anderson, BIOUG10590 -0C04 (1 ♀, barcode associated, CBG); Gros Morne NP, Green Gardens Tr., 49°30′18″N 58°06′06″W, 16.ix.2021, waterfall at beach, BJS, CNC 1155793–794 (2 ♁, barcoded, CNC) ; same data except, 49°30′26″N 58°05′59″W, small stream, CNC 1155783 (1 ♀, barcode associated, CNC); Gros Morn NP, Gros Morne Tr (old), 49°34.038′N 57°49.937′W, 14–17.ix.2021, ypans, BJS, C. Parson, CNC1155784 (1 ♀, barcode associated, CNC) ; Gros Morn NP, Gros Morne Tr (new), 49°34.113′N 57°49.327′W, 17.ix.2021, sweeping river rocks, BJS, CNC1155785 (1 ♀, barcode associated, CNC) . USA. Florida: Santa Rosa Co., Blackwater R SF, 23.v.1973, MT, W.W. Wirth (1 ♁, USNM); Walton Co., DeFuniak Springs [30°43′N 86°7′W], 12–16.v.1991, Winegarner & Deyrup (1 ♀, CNC) . Mississippi: Tishomingo Co., Tishomingo SP, stream nr Gatehouse, 34°36′43″N 88°12′07″W, 20.v.2013, JMC (3 ♀, CNC) .

Recognition. This species is very similar in colour to R. junctus, distinguished by base of M 1 and M 2 ranging from short crossvein to long coalescence, five distinct dorsocentral setae, prescutellar depression without pruinescence and clasping cercus arched and hook-shaped.

Redescription. Wing length 2.6–3.1 mm. Male. Face and gena with bluish pubescence (Figs 7, 11). Ocellar setae divergent, subequal to pprn; vertical seta as long as ocellar seta. Antenna with short stylus, longer than length of postpedicel; postpedicel ovate, shortly prolonged apically. Length of proboscis four-fifths head height.

Pleura with blue pruinescence (Fig. 5); prescutellar depression without pruinescence (Fig. 15); several acr, very short, extending as far as second pair of dc; 5 dc, with 4th and sometimes 3rd weaker than others; 1 pprn; 1 presut spal with several setulae; 2 npl; 0 psut spal; 1 pal; 2 sctl and numerous short to long setulae on disc and margin, outer marginal setulae nearly half length of apical seta; laterotergite with patch of pale setae; antepronotum with several setulae; lower proepisternum with pale setae.

Wing infuscate (Fig. 9); cell dm pointed apically, with base of M 1 and M 2 separated forming very short crossvein or coalesced basally for short to long distance, subequal in length to crossvein dm-m.

Legs with coxae and femora pale to yellowish brown; coxae without bluish pruinescence. Hind tibia with distinct ventral setae, longer than half width of tibia.

Abdominal tergites dark brown, without bluish pruinescence; bearing short black setae. Terminalia (Figs 25, 26): Hypandrium subequal in length to epandrium, apex rounded; without setae. Phallus slightly curved; membranous distiphallus with pair of short lateral extensions (not blown out in Fig. 25). Cercal plate with pair of long setae; clasping cercus arched, hooked and L-shaped, apex rounded, apical portion broad and not tapered; stout, thickened setae along inner dorsal margin and inner basoapical face.

Female. Similar to male (Fig. 6). Terminalia and spermatheca as in Figures 27 and 28.

Distribution. Roederiodes recurvatus appears to be the most commonly collected species in eastern North America, mostly sympatric with R. junctus . This species ranges with the James Bay region of Quebec, south to the southern Appalachians and west to Arkansas (Fig. 36). Collection of male specimens and possibly barcode data are required to confirm records from northern Florida and Mississippi.

Remarks. This species was considered a typical river species in Quebec and occurs predominantly in faster waters (Harper 1980; Landry & Harper 1985).

The Newfoundland and Labrador specimens were assigned to a separate BIN using barcode data (Fig. 37), with 3.95% genetic distance from mainland R. recurvatus . However, no differences in the male terminalia between Newfoundland and mainland populations could be distinguished. These specimens are listed under the Possible additional material section and localities highlighted on the distribution map (Fig. 36).

In addition, there is a pale brown form observed from Florida and Mississippi (see Possible additional material). The male terminalia appears identical to R. recurvatus, but the body colouration is similar to R. moultoni sp. nov. and species from southwestern USA and Costa Rica.