Smerinthus planus Walker, 1856 [ãn天ë]

(Figures 19–21)

Smerinthus planus Walker, 1856, List Specimens lepid. Insects Colln. Br. Mus. 8: 254. TL: ‘[North China]’.

Smerinthus argus Ménétriés, 1857, Enumeratio corporum animalium Musei Imperialis Academiae Scientiarum Petropolitanae. Classis Insectorum ordo Lepidopterorum. Volume: Pars II. Lepidoptera Heterocera, 136.

Smerinthus planus meridionalis Closs, 1917, Entomologische Mitteilungen, 6: 133.

Smerinthus planus alticola Clark, 1922, Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club, 8: 8.

Smerinthus planus clarissimus Mell, 1922, Beiträge zur Fauna sinica. Biologie und Systematik der südchinesischen Sphingiden, 188.

Smerinthus planus distinctus Mell, 1922, Beiträge zur Fauna sinica. Biologie und Systematik der südchinesischen Sphingiden, 189.

Smerinthus planus juennanus Mell, 1922, Beiträge zur Fauna sinica. Biologie und Systematik der südchinesischen Sphingiden, 189.

Smerinthus planus kuangtungensis Mell, 1922, Beiträge zur Fauna sinica. Biologie und Systematik der südchinesischen Sphingiden, 189.

Smerinthus planus chosensis Matsumura, 1931, 6000 illustrated insects of Japan-Empire, 616.

Smerinthus planus unicolor Matsumura, 1931, 6000 illustrated insects of Japan-Empire, 616.

Material examined. CHINA: 2♂♂, Mentougou, Beijing, 16-VI-2022, Hao-Lin Gan leg. [GHLC] ; 1♂, Yunnan, Qujing City, 1870 m, 12-VI-2021, Zhuo-Heng Jiang leg. [JZHC] ; 1♂, Yunnan, Kunming City, 1900 m, 10-VI-2008, Hui-Hong Zhang leg. [JZHC] ; 2♂♂, 1♀, Shanghai, Xuhui, 10 m, 21-VIII-2018, Zhuo-Heng Jiang leg. [JZHC] ; 1♂, Sichuan, Dujiangyan, 1800 m, 5-VI-2018, Yi Zhang leg. [JZHC]; 3m #m#, Anhui, Yuexi County, Yaoluoping, 1050 m, 10-X-2017, Ri-Xin Jiang leg. [JZHC] ; 2♂♂, 1♀, Shaanxi, Ningshan County, 1020 m, 11-VII-2016, Ji-Shen Wang leg. [JZHC] .

Diagnosis. Male (Figure 19A–B): Similar to S. ocellata, but body and wing upperside more greyish. Forewing broader than those of the S. ocellata especially apically. A grey line separates the blackish brown X-shape lines into two parts. Underside similar to S. ocellata, but pink area much faded. Hindwing similar to S. caecus, but pink area more faded, ocellus much larger than S. ocellata . Underside almost the same as S. caecus, with fewer pink scales.

Female (Figure 19C–D): Similar to male, but wings broader, ground pattern slightly paler and more extensive, antennae slenderer.

Male genitalia (Figure 20A–D): Similar to S. minor, but valva broader. Sacculus wider but shorter than S. minor, harpe blunt and curved upward. Phallus thicker and shorter, apical process larger and wider, divided into two recurved teeth apically.

Female genitalia (Figure 21): Similar to S. minor, but anal papillae more rounded, lamella postvaginalis longer. Ostial lobe broad.

Distribution. China (Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin, Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Qinghai, Gansu, Henan, Jiangsu, Anhui, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Chongqing, Yunnan, Xizang, Guizhou, Fujian; Guangdong), Japan, the Korean Peninsula, Russia, Kazakhstan.

Biological notes. This species was collected in lower to high elevation temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest and evergreen broad-leaf forest, attracted at night.