Key to the species of Masarinae occurring or prone to be found in Brazil

[Adapted and modified from Carpenter (1989), Garcete-Barrett & Carpenter (2000), Hermes & Melo (2006) and Sarmiento & Carpenter (2006). Species not found in Brazil are marked with an asterisk]

1 Fore wing usually with three submarginal cells (Fig. 1). Cu1 of hind wing distant from cu-a (Fig. 2). T1 clearly pedunculate (Fig. 5). Scutellum not projected backwards above metanotum (Fig. 5). T3-T6 retractile (tribe Gayell-

ini) ................................................................................................................................................................................ 2 - Fore wing with two submarginal cells (Fig. 3). Cu1 of hind wing forming an acute angle with cu-a (Fig. 4). T1 not pedunculate (Fig. 6). Scutellum projected backwards above metanotum (Fig. 6). T3-T6 not retractile (tribe Masarini) ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 4

2 Pronotum with posterior carina weak and extending no further dorsad than anterior carina (Fig. 7). Head with carina not extending from vertex to mandibular base. Clypeal apex closely bidenticulate, almost single pointed (Fig. 9). Propodeum without oblique carinae (Paraguay and Brazil: Goiás, Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul) ................ ...................................................................................................................... Paramasaris richardsi (Giordani Soika)

- Pronotum with posterior carina strong and extending much further dorsad than anterior carina (Fig. 8). Head with carina extending from vertex to mandibular base. Clypeal apex truncate (Fig. 10). Propodeum with oblique carinae ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 3

3 Pronotum with posterior carina interrupted dorsally. Female clypeus without lateral carinae (Argentina and Brazil: Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina) ....................................................... Paramasaris brasiliensis Giordani Soika

- Pronotum with posterior carina continuous dorsally. Female clypeus with lateral carinae (subandean Colombia and Peruvian Amazonia)......................................................................................... * Paramasaris cupreus Giordani Soika

4 Clypeus truncate and obtusely narrowed (Fig. 11). Labrum transversely truncate, hidden (Fig. 11). T1 forming a nodular petiole (Figs. 13, 14, 15 and 16). Labial palpi with six palpomeres. Occipital carina absent. Glossa bifid closest to its base (Genus Ceramiopsis) ...................................................................................................................... 5

- Clypeus emarginate (Figs. 12 and 22). Labrum apically rounded to pointed, not hidden (Figs. 12 and 22). T1 not forming a nodular petiole (Fig. 46). Labial palpi with three palpomeres. Occipital carina present. Glossa bifid closest to its apex (Genus Trimeria) ........................................................................................................................................ 6

5 T1 finely punctate and evenly convex in profile (Figs. 13 and 14). Posteromedial depression of mesoscutum without longitudinal carina. Propodeum with a short upper horizontal surface (Fig. 17) and the concavity well-defined, deep and narrow, medially-raised and transversely striate. Glossa about as long as half the body length, with ventral processes spoon-shaped, basally dark (some bifid). Mesoscutum with three broad yellow markings (Fig. 17). Mesepisternum with upper and lower yellow spots (Fig. 17). Propodeum with a pair of yellow spots (Fig. 17). T2 brown basally (Figs. 13 and 14). Apical yellow marking of male T2 not broader laterally than medially. Male antenna with a dorsal subapical white spot (Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay and Brazil: Mato Grosso do Sul) .................................... ...................................................................................................................................... Ceramiopsis gestroi Zavattari

- T1 coarsely punctate and angular in profile (Figs. 15 and 16). Posteromedial depression of mesoscutum with a median longitudinal carina. Propodeum without a dorsal horizontal surface (Fig. 18) and concavity ill-defined, shallow, wide, flat and without transverse striae. Glossa longer than the length of the entire body, with ventral processes knife-shaped, translucent and simple. Mesoscutum black (Fig. 18) or at most with a very faint posterior yellow line. Mesopleuron with only upper yellow spot (Fig. 18). Propodeum entirely black (Fig. 18). T2 black basally (Figs. 15 and 16). Apical yellow marking of male T2 broader laterally than medially. Male antenna without white spot (Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay and Brazil: Mato Grosso do Sul) ....................... Ceramiopsis paraguayensis Bertoni

6 Epicnemial carina absent (Fig. 19). Meso-metapleural carina absent. Gena simply flat (Fig. 19). Occipital carina not reaching the base of mandible. Eyes setose. Mid tibia with two apical spurs. Labrum clearly (about a third) narrower than apex of clypeus. Clypeus nearly as wide as long (Fig. 20). Head with indistinct macropunctures (Fig. 20). Male flagellum hooked apically. Male S8 distinctly convex in lateral view. Male S2 with a projection (Brazil: Bahia, Minas Gerais and Rio Grande do Norte) ................................................................. Trimeria robusta Hermes & Melo

- Epicnemial carina present (Fig. 21). Meso-metapleural carina present at least dorsally. Gena depressed to excavated (Figs. 21, 23 and 25). Occipital carina reaching base of mandible. Eyes bare. Mid tibia with one or (male of T. rhachiphora) no apical spur. Labrum at least half as wide as apex of clypeus, commonly equally wide. Clypeus nearly one and a half times as wide as long (Fig. 22). Head with distinct macropunctures (Fig. 22). Male flagellum not hooked apically. Male S8 flat in lateral view. Male S2 simple in most species ................................................... 7

7 Propodeum with lateral angle produced into a spine and deeply emarginate below it (Fig. 21). Tegula rounded posteriorly. Female occipital carina not raised into a translucent lamella (Fig. 21). Meso-metapleural carina not reaching mid coxa. Fore basitarsal setae curled (Fig. 22). Labrum little more than half as wide as apex of clypeus (Fig. 22) (widespread in dry/open areas of Paraguay, Argentina and Uruguay) ............... * Trimeria rhachiphora (Schletterer)

- Propodeum with lateral angle lobate and shallowly emarginate below it (Figs. 24 and 26). Tegula pointed posteriorly. Female occipital carina raised into a translucent lamella below (Figs. 23 and 25). Meso-metapleural carina reaching the level of mid coxa (Fig. 23). Fore basitarsal setae straight. Labrum as wide as apex of clypeus ............ 8

8 Mesepisternum with indistinct macropunctures (Figs. 23 and 24). Metasomal terga with shallow macropunctures. Genal depression behind the lower half of eye (Fig. 23). Male S2 with a projection. Small (wing length of about 4 mm) black and richly whitish spotted species with metasomal apex reddish (Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay and Brazil: Mato Grosso do Sul) .................................................................................................... Trimeria bequaerti Willink

- Mesepisternum with well marked macropunctures (Fig. 26). Metasomal terga with deep macropunctures. Genal depression behind the lower two thirds of eye (Fig. 25). Male S2 without a projection. Medium sized (wing length of

about 6 mm) species with a different general pattern: reddish on metasoma (if present) mainly restricted to basal segments ........................................................................................................................................................................... 9 9 Ventral face of mid coxa without a central tooth-like carina (Fig. 27); male with a broad rounded lobe in the corresponding place (Fig. 28). Fore femur with its base rounded off and slightly broader than apex (Figs. 31 and 32). Female scutellar disc coarsely vermiculate behind a relatively thin anterior elevated band (Fig. 37). Male S7 flat, not emarginate posteriorly (Fig. 43). Male S8 broadly notched at sides and single lipped apically (Fig. 43). (Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay and Brazil: Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, São Paulo) .. .............................................................................................................................................. Trimeria howardi Bertoni

- Ventral face of mid coxa with a small tooth like carina which is quite small in the female and definitely projected in the male (Figs. 29 and 30). Fore femur with its base slightly to markedly truncate and definitely broader than apex (Figs. 33, 34, 35 and 36). Female scutellar disc variable, sculpture mostly coarse but rarely extensively vermiculate and with or without an elevated basal band (Figs. 38, 39 and 40). Male S7 depressed and emarginate posteriorly (Figs. 44 and 45). Male S8 straight at sides and double lipped apically (Figs 44 and 45) ......................................... 10

10 Fore femur base slightly truncate in both sexes, not angular in the male (Figs. 33 and 34). Pronotum extensively yellowish red in females and some males and with complete anterior and posterior pale bands. Male S8 with enlarged lobelike inner (subapical) lips, almost touching each other and hiding the apical introverted section (Fig. 44) (Brazil: Rondônia and Mato Grosso) ..................................................................................... Trimeria rubra Hermes & Melo

- Fore femur base definitely truncate in both sexes, forming a ventral tooth in the male (Figs. 35 and 36). Pronotum never reddish, with a complete anterior yellow band but at most with just lateral traces of a posterior one. Male S8 with reduced, well separated inner (subapical) lips which do not hide the apical introverted section (Fig. 45) ....... 11

11 Female scutellar disc wholly elevated, with a pair of discrete hairy irregularly punctured rounded depressions (Fig. 39); surrounding carina obsolete. Male scutellar disc and medial carina in side view distinctly elevated above the level of the surrounding carina which is markedly reduced and surmounted by very coarse lateral crenation posteriorly (Fig. 41) (Argentina, Paraguay and Brazil: Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Paraná, São Paulo) ........ ............................................................................................................................... Trimeria americana (de Saussure)

- Female scutellar disc regularly convex and macropunctate, without discrete rounded hairy depressions and surrounded by a sharp carina (Fig. 40). Male scutellar disc surface and medial carina in side view gently inclined backwards to the level of the surrounding carina which is hardly reduced and hardly surmounted by the coarse lateral crenation posteriorly (Fig. 42) (Eastern Paraguay and Argentinean Mesopotamia).. * Trimeria neotropica (Mocsáry)