Protoneura Selys in Sagra, 1857

Very slender, beautifully colored damselflies (Figs. 36a & 36b), with at least six species in Ecuador. The synopsis by von Ellenrieder & Garrison (2017) is the main source for identification of Ecuadorian species in addition to the papers by Cowley (1941), Gloyd (1939) and Kennedy (1939c). Habitat includes small, sluggish forested streams, where adults perch mostly in shade.

Protoneura amatoria Calvert, 1907 . Publ. Recs. ECU: Lencioni (2005), (H08), (P11), (H14); GY: * Campos (1922), von Ellrieder & Garrison (2017); EO: Campos (1927), von Ellenrieder & Gasrrison (2017); LR: von Ellrieder & Garrison (2017); MN: von Ellrieder & Garrison (2017). Also PER, VEN, TTO: (L05), Pessacq (2008), (H08), (P11); plus CEN: (H08), (P11); and COL: (P&P); and BRA: (P16).

Addl. Data. GY, Naranjal: 5 ♂♂, San Rafael, [as “San Raphael”] (-2.18, -79.23, 200 m), iv-v (no year pro- vided), leg. F. Campos R, det. GHB [FSCA]; LR, Buena Fé: 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, forest slough at Río Palenque Biological Sta., 47 km S Santo Domingo de los Colorados (-0.5500, -79.3667, 200m), 18 vii 1977, leg. & det. DRP [DRP]; Montalvo: 3 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, small stream 1.8 km N of Hwy. 491, 25 km E of Babahoyo (-1.8111, -79.3189, 60m), 7 iii 2010, leg. & det. JJD [JJD, FSCA]; 2 ♂♂, same data but leg. & det. KJT [FSCA]; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, same data but leg. & det. JTJ [JTJ]; Quevedo: 1 ♀, stream 16 km E of Hwy. E25 [from Formisa] (-0.7256, -79.3483, 200m), 24 iii 2010, leg. & det. JTJ [JTJ]; MN, Flavio Alfaro: 1 pair, 2 ♂♂, small forest stream 0.5 km N of Chindul, Hwy. E15 (0.2389, - 79.8742, 30m), 1 iii 2010, leg. & det. KJT [FSCA]; 1 cop. pair, 1 ♂, same data but leg. & det. JTJ [JTJ]; Pedernales: 1 ♂, Río Nalpe, about 3 km E of El Achote (0.0547, -79.9739, 130m), 28 ii 2010, leg. & det. JTJ [JTJ].

Protoneura klugi Cowley, 1941 . Publ. Recs. ECU: (H08), (P11), (H14); OR: von Ellenrieder & Garrison (2011, 2017); SU: von Ellenrieder & Garrison (2017). Also PER: (H08), (P11).

Addl. Data. OR, Francisco de Orellana: 1 ♂, P.N.Y, swamp (-0.6508, -76.3558, 200 m), 16 xi 1997, leg. & det. TWD [SWD]; 38 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, T. B.S., USFQ, [various locations within station] (-0.6370, -76.1500, 220–245m), 11–18 i 2009, leg. & det. RWG & NVE [DRP, RWG, NMNHL, NVE, USFQ]; 1 ♂, Río Shiripuno, Shiripuno Lodge, 26 km SE of Shiripuno bridge; oxbow forest swamp (-1.1047 -76.7317, 235m), 23–26 i 2009, leg. D. Wagner & W. Haber, det. RWG [RWG].

Protoneura macintyrei Kennedy, 1939 . Publ. Recs. ECU: Paulson (1983), Davies & Tobin (1984), Tsuda (1986, 1991), Steinmann (1997a), (H08), (P11), (H14); ES: Daigle et al. (1997), von Ellenrieder & Garrison (2017); GY: von Ellenrieder & Garrison (2017); LR: * Kennedy (1939c — Holotype & Allotype: “Prov. Los Ríos, 30m, 3 ♀♀ ” [UMMZ]), Bridges (1993), Garrison et al. (2003), von Ellenrieder & Garrison (2017); SD: von Ellenrieder & Garrison (2017). Also COL Palacino et al. (2017).

Addl. Data. ES, San Lorenzo: 2 ♂♂, [San Antonio] near Urbina, 36.5 km WNW of Lita on [old] San Lorenzo Hwy. pools/seeps/stream (0.95, -78.68, 200m), 3 ii 1997, leg. & det. WFM [FSCA]; 3 ♂♂, same data but leg. & det. KJT [JJD, KJT]; LR, Buena Fé: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, [just S of Patricia Piliar], Río Palenque Biological Sta., 47 km S Santo Domingo de los Colorados (-0.5500, -79.3667, 200m), 18 vii 1977, leg. & det. DRP [DRP]; 4 ♂♂, same data but 9 x 1988, leg. & det. SWD [RWG, SWD]; Quevedo: 3 ♂♂, stream 16 km E of Hwy. E25 [from Formisa] (-0.72565, -79.3483, 200m), 23 ii 2010, leg. & det. KJT [KJT, FSCA]; 1 cop. pair, 3 ♂♂, leg. & det. JTJ [JTJ]; 1 ♂, 24 ii 2010, leg. & det. KJT [FSCA].

Note: IUCN Red List status is NT, Near Threatened (IUCN 2018).

Protoneura paucinervis Selys, 1886 . Publ. Recs. ECU: *(L05), (H08), (P11), (H14); SU: von Ellenrieder & Garrison (2017). Also PER, BRA: Lencioni (2005), (H08), (P11); plus COL Bota-Sierra et al. (2015), (P16); and VEN: De Marmels (2016); and BOL, GUY: von Ellenrieder & Garrison (2017.

Addl. Data. SU, Shushufindi: 6 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, Limoncocha, lake edge, 5–20 vii 1971, leg. D. Pearson, det. DRP [DRP]; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 26 vii 1977, leg. & det. DRP [DRP]; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, same data but 22 viii 1980, leg. & det. SWD [SWD]; 14 cop. pairs, 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Limoncocha on Río Napo (300 m), 12–25 xi 1980, leg. & det. MJW [FSCA].

Protoneura scintilla Gloyd, 1939 . Publ. Recs. ECU: (L05), (H08), (P11), (H14), Bota-Sierra et al. (2015); NA: * Tennessen (1998); SU: von Ellenrieder & Garrison (2017). Also BRA: (L05), (H08), (P11); plus COL, PER: (P16).

Addl. Data. NA, Tena: 1 cop. pair, 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Río Chinchipino, 27 km E of Puerto Napo (-1.0728, -77.5864, 385m), 22 vii 1996, leg. & det. KJT [FSCA]; 2 cop. pairs, same data but 13 xi 1997, leg. & det. KJT [FSCA]; OR, Loreto: 1 ♂, small streams and forest trails 12 km E of Loreto, 2+ km S of Hwy. 45 (-0.6217, -77.2600, 365m), 15 x 2009, leg. & det. JTJ [JTJ]; SU, Shushufindi: 2 ♂♂, stream about 3 km NW of Shushufindi, 2+ km N off Hwy. 26 at km marker 17 (-0.1664, -76.6917, 290m), 13 x 2009, leg. & det. KJT [FSCA]; 2 ♂♂, same data but leg. & det. JTJ [JTJ]; 1 ♂, Shushufindi, about 3 km W, small stream, (-0.1646, -76.6878), leg. & det. KJT [FSCA].

Protoneura woytkowskii Gloyd, 1939 . Publ. Recs. ECU: Cowley (1941 — as “subspecies a”), Soukop (1954), Paulson (1983), Tsuda (1991), Daigle (2005), Pessacq (2008), (H08), (P11), (H14); NA: * Gloyd (1939 — Allotype: “Oriente Prov. Río Jatun Yacu, 2200 feet, i 1935, leg. WCM, from CHK [UMMZ]); OR: Daigle (1996), von Ellenrieder & Garrison (2011, 2017); PA * Gloyd (1939), Tennessen (2006), von Ellenrieder & Garrison (2017); SU: von Ellenrieder & Garrison (2017). Also PER, BOL: (H08), (P11); plus BRA: (P16); plus COL: Bota-Sierra et al. (2018).

Addl. Data. NA, Tena: 1 ♂, Jatun Yacu, Río Napo watershed (-1.0167, -77.8333, 700m), 1–31 i 1935, leg. WCM, det. L. Gloyd, from UMMZ [RWG]; Río Chinchipino, oxbow pool, 27 km E of Puerto Napo (-1.0728, - 77.5864, 385m), 13 xi 1997, leg. & det. KJT [FSCA]); 3 ♂♂, same data but leg. & det. JJD [FSCA]; OR, Francisco de Orellana: 2 ♂♂, stream, road to Waorani Reserve, 5.6 km S of Yasuni Sci. Res. Sta., 10 vi 1995, leg. & det. KJT [KJT]; 1 ♂, stream, road to Waorani Reserve, 6.2 km S of Yasuni Sci. Res. Sta., 10 v 1995, leg. & det. KJT [KJT]; 2 cop. pairs, 12 ♂♂, P.N.Y., 29 km N of Waorani Road on Yasuni Road, stream (-0.4917, -76.5584, 183m), 11 vi 1995, leg. & det. WFM [FSCA, QZAC, USNM]; 2 ♂♂, same data but leg. & det. KJT [KJT]; 4 ♂♂, same data but leg. & det. SWD [JJD, SWD]; 1 ♀, P.N.Y., 14.5 km N of Waorani Road on Yasuni Road, flowing Heliconia swamp (-0.65, -76.46, 200m), 11 vi 1995, leg. & det. WFM [FSCA]; 1 ♂, [Pompeya Sur] S on [Pompeya Sur-Iro road] at km marker 38, small stream (-0.6419, -76.4606, 260m), 12 vi 1995, leg. & det. WFM [FSCA]; 5 ♂♂, same data but leg. & det. KJT [KJT]; 1 ♂, same data but leg. & det. SWD [SWD]; 3 ♂♂, P.N.Y., Yasuni Biological Research Sta. along trails and roads within 5 km of Res. Sta. (-0.6719, -76.3992, 245m), 18 vi 1996, leg. & det. WFM [FSCA, QZAC, USNM]; 1 tan. pair, 3 ♂♂, P.N.Y., 1.8 km W of Waorani Reserve Road on Markus Oil Co Road PC 29-30, small stream (-0.6861, -76.4726, 200m), 16 xi 1997, leg. & det. WFM [FSCA, LSAM, QZAC]; 1 ♂, same data but leg. & det. KJT [KJT]; 5 ♂♂, 1 ♀, stream, PC 29-30 Road, 3.2 km from jct. with park road., P.N.Y., 18 vii 1996, leg. & det. KJT [KJT]; 1 ♂, same data but 10 vi 1995, leg. & det. SWD [SWD]; 2 tan. pairs, 10 ♂♂, T. B.S., USFQ, black water stream crossing Guacamayo trail at marker 2050 (-0.6383, -76.1492, 220m), 16–17 i 2009, leg. & det. RWG & NVE [NMNHL, NVE, RWG, USFQ]; 2 tan. pairs, 21 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀, T. B.S., USFQ, stream crossing Numa trail at marker 100, muddy bottom, shady (-0.6383, -76.0103, 220m), 10 i 2009 [NMNHL, NVE, RWG, USFQ]; 4 ♂♂, T. B.S., USFQ, stream crossing, Chorongo trail (-0.6378, -76.1486, 224m), 12 i 2009, leg. & det. RWG & NVE [NVE, RWG, USFQ]; 1 tan. pair, 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, T. B.S., USFQ, stream crossing Chorongo trail at marker 225 (-0.6350, -76.1503, 220m), 16 i 2009, leg. & det. RWG & NVE [NVE, RWG, USFQ]; 2 ♂♂, T. B.S., USFQ, swamp at marker 650 of Parahuaco trail (-0.6397, -76.1453, 229m), 2 i 2009, leg. & det, RWG & NVE [RWG]; T. B.S., USFQ, stream crossing Matapalo trail at marker 450 (-0.6369, -76.1458, 245m), 14 i 2009, leg. & det. RWG & NVE [NVE, RWG, USFQ]; 1 ♂, T. B.S., USFQ, stream crossing Matapalo trail (-0.6294, -76.1544, 246m), 20 i 2009, leg. & det. RWG & NVE [USFQ]; 2 ♂♂, Río Shiripuno, Shiripuno Lodge, 26 km SE of Shiripuno bridge; forest swamp with Calathea, (-1.1047, -76.7317, 235m), 23–26 i 2009, leg. D. Wagner, det. RWG [RWG]; Loreto: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Cotopino (-1.00, -78.70, 400m), 1–28 ii 1950, leg. WCM, det. L. Gloyd, from UMMZ [RWG]; 3 ♂♂, forest stream about 12 km NE of Loreto (-0.6217, -77.2600, 365m), 12 x 2009, leg. & det. KJT [KJT]; PA, Santa Clara: 1 ♂, Río Arajuno, Dayuma Camp (-1.1000, -77.5833, 434m), 22–25 ix 1990, leg. J. Belle, det. RWG [RWG]; Mera: 5 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Río Pastaza, near Puyo (-1.4667, -77.9833, 1000m), 1–31 xii 1948, leg. WCM, det. L. Gloyd, from UMMZ [RWG]; 2 ♂♂, small streams/trails, Los Copales, between Mera and Shell (-1.4919, -78.0725, 1070m), 20 ix2005, leg. & det. KJT [KJT]; 1 ♂, same data but 22 ix 2005, leg. & det. WFM [FSCA; 1 cop. pair, same data but 7 x 2009, leg. & det. JTJ [JTJ]; SU, Shushufindi: 1 ♂, Limoncocha, small forest stream, 24 viii 1980, leg. & det. SWD [SWD]; 2 ♂♂, trails, small streams 3 km W of Shushufindi, 2+ km N off Hwy. 26 at km marker 17 (-0.1664, -76.6917, 290m), 14 x 2009, leg. & det. JTJ [JTJ].