Corallocoris xishaensis Luo, Wang & Chen, sp. nov.

http://zoobank.org/ FFEBDBCB-050D-4742-85B3-2409D5F2E9BF

(Figs. 1–5, 6, 9)

Type material. Holotype (♂) CHINA: Hainan Province, Sansha Prefecture, Xisha, Lingyang Jiao Reef: 16°28'03"N, 111°35'58"E, 0 m.a.s.l., 2019-XI-12, leg. Jiu-Yang LUO, mounted on card (SYSBM) . Paratypes: same data as holotype, mounted on cards (5♂♂, 3♀♀, SYSBM); same data as holotype, mounted on cards (1♂, 1♀, RMNH); CHINA: Hainan Province, Sansha Prefecture, Xisha, Lingyang Jiao Reef: 16°28'03"N, 111°35'58"E, 0 m.a.s.l., 2019-XI-12, leg. Yan-Hui WANG, mounted on card (4♂♂, 8♀♀, SYSBM) ; CHINA: Hainan Province, Sansha Prefecture, Xisha, Yongxing Dao: 2019-IV-18, leg. Qiang XIE, mounted on cards (1♂, SYSBM) .

Diagnosis: Corallocoris xishaensis sp. nov. is similar to C. marksae in size and habitus, but it can be distinguished from the latter species by following characteristics: (1) body greyish-black, without distinct grey fascia on the the middle of forewing (Fig. 1A–B, D–E), (body nearly black, with a transverse grey fascia near the middle of forewing in latter species [Fig. 7A–B, F]); (2) cephalic trichobothria pairs 1 and 2 subequal in length with pair 3 (Fig. 1B, E), (distinctly shorter than pairs 3 in latter species [Fig. 7B]); (3) the coxae are yellowish-brown, entire trochanters and femora, except for subapices, are whitish-yellow (Fig. 1B–C, E–F), (coxae, entire trochanters and femora, except for apices, are dark-brown in latter species [Fig. 7B–C]); (4) the proepisternum is whitish-yellow (Fig. 1B–C, E–F), (the proepisternum is nearly black in latter species [Fig. 7B–C]); (5) the pygophore is round in caudal view (Fig. 5D), (pygophore is high in caudal view in latter species [Fig. 5M]); (6) the paramere is curved near the middle (Fig. 5H–J), (the paramere is slightly curved near the middle in latter species [Fig. 5P]).

Description: Size: Male, length 1.13–1.22 mm, greatest width 0.54–0.59 mm; female, length 1.24–1.38 mm, greatest width 0.63–0.70 mm. Color and body surface: Body and collum-like area of head greyish-black and dull (Fig. 1A–E); most of head and abdomen black; eyes red, ocelli dark red; elevated spots on head whitish-yellow; antennal segment I whitish-yellow, segment II slightly darker than segment I, and darkening from base to apex, segment III and IV blackish-brown, segment III slightly lighter than segment IV; labrum and labium light-brown to brown, apex of labial segment IV blackish-brown; pronotum, scutellum and upper surface of forewing with moderately dense, semierect brown setae (Fig. 1A, D); apical portion and hypocostal lamina of forewing yellowishbrown to dark-brown (Fig. 1B, E); proepisternum whitish-yellow; coxae yellowish-brown, entire trochanters and femora except for subapices whitish-yellow; tibiae and tarsi whitish-yellow, with blackish-brown distal end. Most of head with dense, relatively thin, silver setae (Figs. 3A–B, 4A); collar of head, surface of thorax and upper surface of forewing with dense, grey microtrichia (Fig. 4A–B), lower surface of forewing with dense, short microtrichia (Fig. 3F–H); antennae, labium, legs and abdomen with moderately dense, silver setae (Fig. 2B, E, H–J).

Brachypterous male. Structures: Body oval. Body length 2.03–2.09× greatest width. Head. Wider than long, greatest width across eyes 2.63–2.85× median length, with three pairs of black cephalic trichobothria, two pairs on vertex behind ocelli, and one pairs arising from light, elevated spots before ocelli (Figs. 2B, E, 3B, 4A), cephalic trichobothria pairs 1 and 2 subequal in length with pair 3 (Fig. 1B, E); eyes large, width of eyes 1.14× vertex width of across ocelli, with three pairs of dark-brown trichobothria (Figs. 2B, E, 4A), trichobothria on eyes shorter and thinner than cephalic trichobothria; antennal length subequal to body width; segments I and III subequal in length; segment I thickest and segment IV longest (Fig. 2B, E); ratio of antennal segments I to IV = 1: 1.36: 1.10: 1.71. Apex of labium reaching to hind coxa (Fig. 1B–C, E–F); labial segment I widest, subequal to segment II in length, segment III longest, ratio of labial segments I to IV = 1.28: 1: 3.59: 2.69. Thorax. Pronotum short and trapezoid (Figs. 2B, 3A), median length about 0.5× humeral width; collar distinct, narrower than posterior lobe; anterior lobe elevated and deeply concave at fovea (Figs. 2B, 3A, D, 4A, C); with three pairs of black pronotal trichobothria (Figs. 2B, 3D); scutellum triangular, wider than long, ratio of length / width = 1: 1.44; lateral margin of scutellum with small concavity centrally (Figs. 2A, 3A, E); middle of scutellum base ridge-like, longitudinally convex (Fig. 2A); mesosternum with two small sub-transverse ridges (Fig. 4E–F), metasternum with high middle longitudinal ridge (Fig. 4E); forewing with claval and R+M sutures, bases of sutures with deep round pit, R+M suture ends at about two-thirds of forewing, claval suture ends at about four-sevenths of forewing (Fig. 2D); legs stout, coxae and femora thick, tibiae and tarsi slender; femora and tibiae with thick spines; tarsal formula 3-3-3 (Fig. 2H–J); forefemur and middle femur longer than tibia, forefemur about 1.14× length of foretibia, middle femur about 1.16× length of middle tibia; hind coxae with setose area (Figs. 2J, 4G–H); hind femur shorter than hind tibia, tibia about 1.18× length of femur.

Pregenital abdomen. Mediotergites less sclerotized than sterna, with broad membranous area (Fig. 2G, K); mediotergites V–VII more sclerotized than I–IV; laterotergites less sclerotized than sterna, well-delimited with mediotergites and sterna (Fig. 2G, H); laterotergite III expanded, with strongly sclerotized margin (Fig. 2G); sterna strongly sclerotized; middle of basal margin of sternum I with cleft; segment VIII cylindrical shaped.

External genitalia. Pygophore cylindrical (Fig. 5A–D), posterior area of venter expanded (Fig. 5B); with parandria protruding posterior margin of genital capsule opening (Fig. 5B); parameres club-shaped, with slender and distally curved bases (Fig. 5H–J); articulatory apparatus sclerotized (Fig. 5E–G); ligamentous processes with wide base (Fig. 5E); caudal side of phallotheca with swellings (Fig. 5E); more than half of endosoma with spicule (Fig. 5E–F).

Brachypterous female. Structures: Similar to male, except for the following: Body length 1.94–2.00× greatest width. Head. Greatest width across eyes 2.63–2.90× median length; width of eyes 1.22× vertex width of across ocelli; ratio of antennal segments I to IV = 1: 1.42: 1.10: 1.82; ratio of labial segments I to IV = 1.06: 1: 2.91: 2.29. Thorax. Pronotum short and trapezoid, median length about 0.47× humeral width; forefemur about 1.16× length of foretibia.

Pregenital abdomen. Laterotergite III normally developed.

External genitalia. Gynatrium ellipsoidal; spermatheca oval; accessory canal more sclerotized (Fig. 5K–L).

Measurements see Table 1.

Etymology: The specific epithet refers to the type locality area, the Xisha Islands in the South China Sea; adjective.

Biology: Specimens of Corallocoris xishaensis sp. nov. were collected in the intertidal zone. They spend periods submerged by high tides in rock crevices and then emerge at low tide, and were frequently found in crevices and holes of coral rocks (Fig. 6A–B).

Distribution: This species is so far known only from Lingyang Jiao and Yongxing Dao, Xisha Islands in the South China Sea (Figs. 9A–B; Table 3).