Carriola fenestrata (Hampson, [1893])

Figs 17, 26, 35, 44, 52

Leucoma fenestrata Hampson, [1893], The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma, edited by W.T. Blanford. Moths. Vol. 1: 480. Type locality: Ceylon [Sri-Lanka].

Leucoma thyridoptera = Leucoma thyridoptera Hampson, 1910, Journal of Bombay Natural History Society 20: 144. Type locality: Ceylon [Sri-Lanka].

Material examined.

Nepal • 1 ♀, Teral, Dharan, sal & secondary, forest, 330 m, 15.xi.1983, leg. M.G. Allen (GU 27.420); ZSM .

India • 4 ♂, 1 ♀, Assam, Nambor Forest res., Garampani, 100 m, 26°30'N, 93°55'E, 21-29.xi.1997. leg. Siniaev (GU 25.861 and 25.862); ZSM • 2 ♂, Assam, Nameri N. Park, Tezpur, 60 km 27°20'N, 93°15'E, 150 m, 24.vii.-02.viii.1997, leg. Afonin & Siniaev; ZSM • 2 ♂, W. Megalaya, Urman 33 km N Shillong, 25°45'N, 91°53'E, 23-24.xii.1997, leg. Siniaev & Murzin (GU 25.863); ZSM • 1 ♂, Sikkim, Pemayangtse, 2000 m, 28-31.vii.1989, leg. W. Thomas; ZSM • 1 ♀, Tamil Nadu, 900 m, 11°23'N, 78°55'E, 16.iv.1997 leg. Schintlmeister & Siniaev; all ZSM .

Sri-Lanka • 1 ♂, Westprovinz, 97 km E Colombo, Kitulgala am Kelami Ganga, 150-400 m, 2430. i.1988, leg. deFreina; ZSM; 1 ♀, Ceylon (GU 118); NHMW .

China • 2 ♂, China, SW Yunnan, Xishuanbanna, 50 km N of Jinghong, Guanping, 1000 m, 22°10'N, 101°E 19-27.i.2003, leg. S. Murzin (GU 27.438); ZSM .

Vietnam • 2 ♂, 1 ♀, Thai Nguyen, Tan Long, 100 m, 21°42.935N, 105°50.736E, 21.-22.xi.2008, leg. Thomas Ihle (GU 27.435, GU 27.436); ZSM • 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Cao Bang, Ba Be, Lake NP, 300 m, xii.2008, leg. Thomas Ihle (GU 27.433, GU 27.434); ZSM • 2 ♂, Cuc Phuong, 60 km SW Hanoi, 400 m, 20°15'N, 105°20E, 18.xi.-03.xii.1992, leg. Siniaev & Simonov; ZSM • 1 ♂, Ben Nat. Park, 200 m, 40 km SW Than Hoa, 18°40'N, 105°40E, 22-30.xi.1994, leg. Siniaev & Simonov; ZSM • 1 ♂, Tuan-glao, 21°35'N, 103°25E, 1200 m, 5.-10.xi.1994, leg. Siniaev & Simonov; ZSM • 1 ♀, Mai-chau, 25 km SE moc-chau, 1400 m, 20°50'N, 104°40E, 14.-18.xi.1994, leg. Siniaev & Simonov (GU 27.437); ZSM .

Thailand • 4 ♂, 1 ♀, Nakhon Ratchasima, Ban San Chao, 720 m, 14°22.544N, 101°51.891E, 0108. ix.2008, leg. T. Ihle (GU 27.421, GU 27.422); ZSM • 2 ♂ , Chiang mai prov., NW Chiangmai, Doi Suthep, Nature park, Konthatharn Wasserfal, 600 m, 10.iii.1986, leg. Nässig & H. Bänziger; ZSM • 1 ♂ , Changwat, Chiang Mai, 6 km, SE of Pang Faen, 1200 m, 20.xii.1998, leg. M. Hreblay, Y. Sherpa, I. Soos; ZSM • 1 ♂ , Changwat, Chiang mai, 12 km NW Chiang Dao, 750 m, 12.xi.1998, leg. T. Csovari, L. Mikus; ZSM • 1 ♂ , Chiang Mai, prov., Ban Buak Tuey, 1100 m, 01.v.2012, leg. unknown; ZSM • 1 ♂ ; Changwat, Chiang Mai, 4 km SE of Pang Faen, 1100 m, 27.i.2004, leg. A. Szabo; ZSM • 1 ♂ , Chiang Mai, prov., Doi Angkang, 1600 m, 19°54'N, 99°48'E, 10.i.2002, leg. unknown; ZSM • 1 ♂ , Changwat Nan, 30 km E of Pua, 1700 m, 10.xi.1999, leg. M. Hreblay; ZSM • 1 ♂ , Changwat Phayao, 15 km SE Chiang Muan, 640 m, 26.xi.1998, leg. T. Csovari & L. Mikus; ZSM • 1 ♂ , Thailand, Khon, Kaen prov. Si Chom Phu Nat. Park, 16°25.314N, 102°25.269E, 06.xi.2011 leg. unknown; ZSM .

Laos • 1 ♂, Vientiane, Ban Vang Kham, 1000 m, 19°21.793N, 102°25.408E, 15-16.vii.2009, leg. K. Cerny; ZSM .

Malaysia • 1 ♂, West Pahang, Genting Tea Estate, 2000 ft, 13.xii.1976, leg. H.S. Barlow; ZSM • 1 ♂, West Pahang, Genting Tea Estate, 2000 ft, 24.xi.1981, leg. H.S. Barlow (GU 27.428); ZSM • 1 ♂ , Malacca, Tengah Gebirge P. Zibris. V.; MfN .

Diagnosis.

Externally, C. fenestrata can be recognised by the relatively small central hyaline window on the hindwing of both sexes, which is much smaller than in other Carriola and begins in the middle of the wing (Figs 17, 26). The ground colour of wings is also characteristic, with the male having a light brown background (Fig. 26a) and the female being milky white (Fig. 26c). A terminal line on the fore- and hindwings of the female consists of scattered black scales. The underside of the male forewing has a lighter, cloudy background, with a comparatively wide dark brown border around the hyaline windows (Fig. 26b). The male genitalia (Fig. 35) are characterised by the rhomboid shape of the valva, with a two-pointed projection on the sacculus (Fig. 35a). The width of the valva is in a ratio of 1:2.5 to the length. The female genitalia are characterised by the size and shape of the signum, which is as large as ⅓ of the bursa and has a triangular shape with rounded edges (Fig. 44).

Biology.

Unknown. The flight period is from February to December. The species occurs from the lowlands up to an elevation of 1400 m.a.s.l.

Distribution.

(Fig. 52). Nepal, India, Sri Lanka, China, Vietnam, Thailand, Laos, Peninsular Malaysia.