3. Pyrrorhiza Maguire & Wurdack, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 9(3): 318. 1957. Figs 10, 11

Type species.

Pyrrorhiza neblinae Maguire & Wurdack.

Comments.

Pyrrorhiza was initially considered as being closely related to Schiekia Meisn. (Maguire and Wurdack 1957), a view supported by the morphological phylogeny of Simpson (1990), but not supported by the anatomical studies of Aerne-Hains and Simpson (2017), the molecular phylogeny of Hopper et al. (in prep.) and the new morphological phylogeny for the family (Pellegrini 2019). As currently understood, Pyrrorhiza is sister to Cubanicula, with both being sister to Xiphidium s.str. (Hopper et al. in prep.). The supposed relation between Pyrrorhiza and Schiekia was thought to be supported by the zygomorphic perianth, dimorphic stamens, and the discontinuous subexterior exine wall (Simpson 1983, 1990). However, the first two characters are clearly homoplastic in Haemodoroideae, while the third seems to be a convergence between Pyrrorhiza and Schiekia (Pellegrini 2019). Pyrrorhiza shares with Cubanicula and Xiphidium s.str. the sand-binding roots, campanulate and pollen rewarding flowers, mainly white perianth, tepals with an apical black mucron, anthers as long as to ca. ½ times shorter than the filaments and enlarged placental attachments subtending the ovules and fruits with thickened septal ridges (Pellegrini 2019). It shares exclusively with Cubanicula the peculiar lenticellate seeds with the testa’s margin covered with coarse trichomes (Hickman 2019; Pellegrini 2019).