Updated identification key to Ephydrolithus species (adapted from Alencar et al. 2022)

1. Elytra with impressed striae (e.g., Fig. 3A and Alencar et al. 2022: Fig. 8a)....................................... 2

- Elytra without impressed striae, but with longitudinal serial punctures or not (Fig. 3E)............................... 3

2. Elytra with well-defined and impressed striae along the posterior third (see Girón & Short 2019: Fig. 6A)......... E. ogmos

- Elytra with well-defined and impressed striae, forming deep grooves, 1–5 serial punctures along the entire length, and 6–10 start in the posterior third (Figs. 2A, 3A)................................................. E. jacobinensis sp. nov.

3. Elytra with well-defined serial punctures (Fig. 2E)........................................................... 4

- Elytra without well-defined serial punctures (e.g., Alencar et al. 2022: Fig. 8d).................................... 5

4. Apex of fifth abdominal ventrite rounded; dorsal coloration orange-brown; outer margins of parameres straight (see Alencar et al. 2022: Fig. 7c)........................................................................... E. mucugensis

- Apex of fifth abdominal ventrite truncate (Fig. 3H); dorsal coloration black (Fig. 2E; outer margins of parameres moderately sinuate (Figs. 4B)..................................................................... E. dandarae sp. nov.

5. Body strongly convex; 1.8–2.3 mm in length; anterior surface of pro-and mesofemora covered by hydrofuge pubescence along basal half (see Alencar et al. 2022: Fig. 3b)................................................................ 6

- Body moderately convex; 2.4–3.6 mm in length; anterior surface of pro-and mesofemora covered by hydrofuge pubescence along basal two thirds or more (see Alencar et al. 2022: Figs. 2b, 5b)............................................ 7

6. Aedeagus with median lobe 3.4× longer than wide; basal piece 0.74× the length of parameres (see Girón & Short 2019: Fig. 7I).......................................................................................... E. minor

- Aedeagus with median lobe 1.4× longer than wide; basal piece 0.45× the length of parameres (see Alencar et al. 2022: Figs. 7b)............................................................................................ E. cipo

7. Posterior elevation of mesoventrite with a pointed spine (see Alencar et al. 2022: Fig. 6e and Girón & Short 2019: Fig. 7G)..................................................................................................... 8

- Posterior elevation of mesoventrite without a pointed spine.................................................... 9

8. Posterior elevation of the mesoventrite with smooth surface; position of maximum height of the ridge is 0.37× of its longitudinal length (antero-ventral) (see Alencar et al. 2022: Fig. 9a); basal width of the parameres is 0.52× the maximum width of the median lobe (see Alencar et al. 2022: Fig. 7e).......................................................... E. vivas

- Posterior elevation of the mesoventrite with sculptured surface; position of maximum height of the ridge is 0.55× of its longitudinal length (antero-ventral) (see Alencar et al. 2022: Fig. 9b); basal width of the parameres is 0.38× the maximum width of the median lobe (see Alencar et al. 2022: Fig. 7f)............................................ E. spiculatus

9. Posterior elevation of mesoventrite with a transverse basal ridge that extends anteriorly as a strongly raised longitudinal carina (see Alencar et al. 2022: Fig. 2e)................................................................... E. bentoi

- Posterior elevation of mesoventrite with a transverse ridge extending anteriorly or not, if extending anteriorly, never strongly raised longitudinally (see Alencar et al. 2022: Figs. 5e)...................................................... 10

10. Aedeagus with gonopore located near midpoint of median lobe; apical region of parameres strongly sinuate (see Alencar et al. 2022: Fig. 7d)................................................................................... E. serro

- Aedeagus with gonopore located preapically in the median lobe; apical region of parameres simply rounded or truncate (see Alencar et al. 2022: Fig. 7e)............................................................................ 11

11. Aedeagus with parameres 1.2–1.3× longer than basal piece; median lobe 2× longer than its greatest width; outer margins of median lobe at apex straight to slightly sinuate (triangular) (see Girón & Short 2019: Fig. 7E)..................... E. teli

- Aedeagus with parameres 1.5–1.6× longer than basal piece; median lobe nearly 2.5× longer than its greatest width; outer margins of median lobe at apex clearly sinuate (“pinched”) (see Girón & Short 2019: Fig. 7D)................ E. hamadae