Cyparium newtoni sp. nov.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 8E4DB834-61A4-47B2-B9B3-2C0606708142

Figs 4, 30–37, 46; Supp. file 1D

Diagnosis

TL: 2.00– 2.22 mm in males and 2.00– 2.30 mm in females. Pronotum reddish brown (Fig. 32D). Elytra black (Fig. 30A). Hypomeron with strigulate microsculpture. Metaventrite smooth; coarsely punctate above intercoxal plates (Figs 30B, 33D). Intercoxal plates smooth. Apex of tergite VIII in males straight (Fig. 35D). Aedeagus openings in dorsal view narrow, forming an obtuse angle (Fig. 36C). Internal sac with a plate-like sclerite (Fig. 36D). Tergite VIII in females without apical invagination (Fig. 37A).

Etymology

In homage to Dr Alfred F. Newton (Field Museum, Chicago, USA) for his significant contribution to the systematics of Staphylinidae and more specifically of Scaphidiinae .

Material examined

Holotype BRAZIL • ♂; Minas Gerais, Viçosa, EPTEA Mata do Paraíso; 19 Nov. 2019; LabCol leg.; “\\ em Agaricus sylvaticus \\ Cyparium newtoni von Groll & Lopes-Andrade HOLOTYPUS ” [red paper]; CELC (Supp. file1D).

Paratypes BRAZIL • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; 19 Feb. 2015; S. Aloquio, A. Orsetti and M. Bento leg.; “\\ Trilha caminho das águas embaixo de casca de tronco caído”; CELC • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype, “ T. dos Gigantes”; 15 Feb. 2015; S. Aloquio, A. Orsetti and M. Bento leg.; CELC • 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀, 2 specs; same collection data as for holotype, “ Trilha da Madeira ”; 27 Feb. 2015; I.S.C. PecciMaddalena et al. leg.; CELC • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; CAMB • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; 13 Mar. 2015; S. Aloquio, A. Orsetti, C. Lopes-Andrade and M. Bento leg.; CELC • 5 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀ (2 ♂♂ dissected, preserved in glycerin); same collection data as for holotype; 9 Nov. 2016; I. Pecci-Maddalena and C. Lopes-Andrade leg.; “\\ ex. Psathyrella candolleana ”; CELC • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ (1 ♂ dissected, preserved in glycerin); same collection data as for holotype; 21 Nov. 2019; LabCol leg.; “\\ Em Agaricus dulcidulus e Leucocoprinus brebissoni ”; CELC • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, 1 spec. (1 ♂, abdomen dissected, preserved in glycerin); same collection data as for holotype; “\\ Em Agaricus sylvaticus ”; CELC • 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (1 ♂, abdomen dissected, preserved in glycerin); Viçosa, Recanto das Cigarras, Mata da Biol.; 20 Nov. 2019; LabCol leg.; “Fungo 29 \\ Em Entoloma (Inocephalus) sp.”; CELC • 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, 1 spec. (1 ♂, entirely dissected, preserved in glycerin; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (abdomen dissected, preserved in glycerin); same collection data as for preceding; “ Fungo 08 \\ Em Psathyrella sp. ”; CELC • 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀; Viçosa, Mata da Biologia; 15 Oct. 2021; E. von Groll and A. Orsetti leg.; “ Fungo 20 \\ Em Agaricus sp. ”; CELC.

All paratypes additionally labelled “ Cyparium newtoni von Groll & Lopes-Andrade PARATYPUS [yellow paper]”.

Description

MEASUREMENTS (holotype, in mm). TL 2.00, PL 0.72, PA 0.60, PB 1.30, EW 0.74, EL 1.44, IS 0.17, HW 0.56.

COLORATION. Frons dark brown; clypeus and mouthparts yellowish brown (Fig. 30D); antennomeres I–VI yellowish brown; VII–XI darker (Fig. 31A–C). Pronotum and hypomeron reddish brown (Fig. 30A–B). Scutellum ochre or black (Fig. 32D). Meso- and metathorax reddish-brown, each sclerite lighter laterally (Fig. 30B). Elytra black; epipleuron dark ochre (Fig. 30A). Coxae and trochanters dark ochre; femora dark ochre, apex lighter; tibiae dark ochre; lighter anteriorly and posteriorly; tarsi yellow (Fig. 30B–C). Tergite VIII yellow. Ventrite 1 dark ochre, 2–4 ochre, 5 and 6 yellow (Fig. 35C). Variation: few paratypes entirely dark brown, with lighter tarsi; others with reddish brown area less vibrant.

HEAD. Punctation dense, fine (Fig. 31A). Eyes globose in frontal view (Fig. 31A). Labrum rectangular, lateral margins rounded, well delimited apically; central margin straight; sclerotized portion inwardly curved; lateral setae extending well beyond margins of labrum; little porose centrally (Fig. 31D). Mandibles slightly curved; subapical serrations on left mandible conspicuous (Fig. 31E–F). Maxillary palps elongated; galea and lacinia moderately pubescent, lacinia elongated (Fig. 31G). Mentum slightly curved apically (Fig. 32A–B). Setae of labial palpomere II extending beyond palpomere III; palpomere III longish with short apical setae (Fig. 32A–B). Hypopharynx with wide and rounded sclerotized plate (Fig. 32A–B). Post gena microsculptured with transversal lines; few gular pores (Fig. 32C); gula narrow. Antennal club well distinct; antennomere XI longish, hexagonal (apex rounded in some specimens); antennal club different between sexes (Fig. 31B–C).

PROTHORAX. Pronotum smooth, shining; punctuation dense, fine; pubescence short, fine (Fig. 32D–E); transverse, sub-straight laterally, forming an obtuse angle at lateral areas of posterior margin (Fig. 32E). Hypomeron with strigulate microsculpture. Notosternal suture straight, inward directed (Fig. 32F). Profurca thin and elongated, slightly extending beyond half of foramen (Fig. 32G). Prosternal process acuminated (Fig. 33A).

MESOTHORAX. Mesonotum with prescutellar suture (= scutellar lines, Leschen & Löbl 2005) strongly wavy (Fig. 33B). Scutellum rounded posteriorly (Fig. 33B). Anterior phragma large and straight (Fig. 33C). Mesanepisternum with strigulate microsculpture. Procoxal rests wide; slightly curved posteriorly

(Fig. 33D). Mesoventral lines wavy and obtuse; median lines moderately wavy; area between median and mesoventral lines not specially enlarged (Fig. 33D). Process of metaventrite short, slightly curved at top and base, forming a small ridge (Fig. 33E).

METATHORAX. Metanotum with alacrista enlarged anteriorly and turned to the sides; scutoscutellar suture strongly curved; median membranous area wide and short (Fig. 33F). Metaventrite smooth; punctuation sparse, fine; coarsely punctate above intercoxal plates (Fig. 33D). Mesocoxal line not forming an angle between coxal cavities, just a simple triangle, and finely punctate under coxal cavities (Fig. 33D). Metanepisternum smooth; metepimeron with imbricate microsculpture. Intercoxal plates smooth.

Metendosternite with arms almost straight; ‘stalk ridge’ not exceeding half of stalk (Fig. 34A); ventral longitudinal flange small, curved in lateral view (Fig. 34B).

WINGS. Elytra slightly wider than longer; partially covering tergite VI (Fig. 30A); basal and lateral lines punctate; sutural lines dashed (Fig. 32D); adsutural area with a row of setae; six rows of coarse punctures (not including sutural line) (Figs 30A, 34C); apical coarse punctation sparse; apical serrations almost inconspicuous (Fig. 34D); pubescence short and fine. Epipleuron with diffuse and coarse punctures. Hind wings fully developed (Fig. 34E).

LEGS. Pro-, meso- and metacoxae, and femora with strigulate microsculpture. Femora longish, somewhat fusiform (Fig. 34F–H). Pro- and mesofemora sparsely and coarsely punctate; metafemora with shallow and sparse punctuation. Mesotibiae densely spinose, spines fine (Fig. 34G); metatibiae sparsely spinose, spines fine (Fig. 34H).

ABDOMEN. Tergite VI–VIII with imbricate microsculpture (Fig. 35A). Tergite VII trapezoidal (Fig 35A) – triangular in some paratypes with tergite VIII not exposed; punctation sparse, fine; pubescence sparse, fine. Ventrites 1–5 (Fig. 35B) sparsely and finely punctate; pubescence sparse, fine; with strigulate microsculpture (Fig. 35C). Metacoxal lines finely punctate.

Males

MEASUREMENTS (n = 1, paratype; in mm). Antennomeres (length(width)): 0.13(0.06), 0.10(0.04), 0.08(0.03), 0.05(0.03), 0.06(0.04), 0.05(0.05), 0.08(0.09), 0.06(0.09), 0.07(0.10), 0.06(0.11), 0.13(0.11); (n = 7, including holotype; in mm): TL 2.00–2.22 (mean = 2.07, standard deviation ± 0.08), PL 0.70– 0.80 (0.74 ± 0.03), PA 0.60–0.68 (0.63 ± 0.02), PB 1.28–1.40 (1.33 ± 0.04), SL 0.09–0.12 (0.10 ± 0.01), SW 0.10–0.12 (0.10 ± 0.01), EI 1.20–1.32 (1.25 ± 0.05), EL 1.40–1.54 (1.46 ± 0.05), EW 0.66–0.86 (0.77 ± 0.06), EH 0.50–0.62 (0.58 ± 0.04), HW 0.52–0.62 (0.57 ± 0.03), IS 0.17–0.18 (0.17 ± 0.00), WA 0.10–0.14 (0.13 ± 0.01), MC 0.52–0.61 (0.57 ± 0.02), MB 0.25–0.28 (0.27 ± 0.01), VL 0.42–0.56 (0.48 ± 0.04).

Antennal club less distinct than in females (Fig. 31B). Pro- and mesotarsomeres I–III enlarged, with tenet setae (Fig. 34F–G). Tergite VIII hexagonal, straight posteriorly; punctuation inconspicuous; subglabrous (Fig. 35D). Tergite IX with constricted ventral struts (Fig. 35E–F). Sternite VIII sub-rectangular, with projection (Fig. 35G). Sternite IX curved (Fig. 35F). Aedeagus sclerotized, apex of median lobe short (Fig. 36A,B); openings in dorsal view narrow, forming an obtuse angle (Fig. 36C); internal sac with weak irregular sclerites with two hooks and a central plate (Fig. 36D–E); parameres long, thin (Fig. 36B).

Females

MEASUREMENTS (n =1, paratype; in mm).Antennomeres (length(width)):0.13(0.05), 0.10(0.05), 0.09(0.03), 0.05(0.04), 0.06(0.04), 0.05(0.05), 0.08(0.10), 0.09(0.11), 0.09(0.13), 0.09(0.14), 0.13(0.12); (n = 7, paratypes; in mm): TL 2.00–2.30 (mean = 2.19, standard deviation ± 0.12), PL 0.76–0.84 (0.78 ± 0.03), PA 0.6–0.7 (0.64 ± 0.04), PB 1.30–1.48 (1.41 ± 0.07), SL 0.11–0.15 (0.12 ± 0.01), SW 0.11–0.14 (0.12 ± 0.01), EI 1.22–1.44 (1.34 ± 0.07), EL 1.44–1.64 (1.58 ± 0.06), EW 0.80–0.88 (0.83 ± 0.02), EH 0.57–1.07 (0.65 ± 0.18), HW 0.31–0.62 (0.55 ± 0.11), IS 0.16–0.18 (0.17 ± 0.01), WA 0.14–0.17 (0.15 ± 0.01), MC 0.56–0.65 (0.61 ± 0.03), MB 0.27–0.32 (0.30 ± 0.01), VL 0.45–0.52 (0.50 ± 0.03).

Antennal club more distinct than in males (Fig. 31B–C). Tergite VIII hexagonal; punctuation inconspicuous; subglabrous (Fig. 37A). Sternite VIII rectangular with a smooth projection (Fig. 37B). Vagina and bursa copulatrix membranous without sclerites (Fig. 37C). Vaginal plate with an apical sclerite (Fig. 37D). Spermatheca not detected. Distal gonocoxites straight and thin (Fig. 37C, E); gonostyli long, slender, larger at base (Fig. 37C, E).

Host fungi

Adults were collected from Psathyrella candolleana (1 record, 9 individuals), Psathyrella sp. (1, 6), Agaricus sp. (1, 4; von Groll et al. 2021: figs 1–4), A. dulcidulus (1, 4), A. sylvaticus (1, 5) and Entoloma (Inocephalus) sp. (1, 2).

Remarks

Extremely similar to C. lescheni sp. nov. (for comparison, see remarks under C. lescheni above and comparison of morphology below).

Distribution

Known only from Mata da Biologia and Mata do Paraíso, campus of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, state of Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil (Fig. 46).