Cyparium collare Pic, 1920

Figs 4, 47–55; Supp. file 2B, Supp. file 3 (Figs 1A – 4H)

Cyparium collare Pic, 1920a: 4 . Syntypes: Muséum national d’histoire naturelle (MNHN), Paris, France.

Material examined

BRAZIL – Sergipe • 3 ♂♂; Sta Luzia do Itanhi, Faz. Crasto; 9–12 Sep. 1999; A. Bonaldo leg.; MCN 166400 (abdomen dissected), 166404, 166405 • 3 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; MCN 166398, 166401, 167484 • 2♂♂; Areia Branca, Est. Ecol.Serra de Itabaiana; 14–20 Sep. 1999; A. Bonaldo leg.; MCN 166402, 166403 (abdomen dissected, preserved in glycerin) • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; MCN 166406 . – Minas Gerais • 1 ♂; Viçosa, EPTEA Mata do Paraíso; 8 Dec. 2014; I. PecciMaddalena leg.; CELC • 3 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀ (1 ♀, abdomen dissected, preserved in glycerin); same collection data as for preceding; 6 Dec. 2018; LabCol leg; CELC • 7 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀ (1 ♀ entirely dissected, preserved in glycerin; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, abdomen dissected, preserved in glycerin); same collection data as for preceding; 5 Nov. 2019; LabCol leg.; “Fungo 02 \\ Em Pleurotus pulmonarius ”; CELC • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; “Fungo 03 \\ Em Mycena sp. ”; CELC • 14 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀ (1 ♂, 1 ♀ entirely dissected, preserved in glycerin; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, abdomen dissected, preserved in glycerin); same collection data as for preceding; “Fungo 01 \\ Em Xerocomus aff. brasiliensis ”; CELC • 9 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀ (3 ♂♂ entirely dissected, preserved in glycerin); same collection data as for preceding; 7 Nov. 2019; LabCol leg.; “Fungo 17”; CELC • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; “Fungo 14 \\ Em Leucoagaricus rubrotinctus ”; CELC • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; “Fungo sem id”; CELC • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; “Fungo A21 \\ Fotos: 712-713; 728-729, Em Heimiomyces neovelutipes ”; CELC • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; “Fungo Que”; CELC • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; 12 Nov. 2019; LabCol leg.; “Fungo 09”; CELC • 2 ♀♀ (1 ♀, abdomen dissected, preserved in glycerin); same collection data as for preceding; 13 Nov. 2019; LabCol leg.; “Fungo 18 \\ Em Macrolepiota colombiana ”; CELC • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 14 Nov. 2019; “Fungo 22 \\ Em Marasmiellus sp. ”; CELC • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 19 Nov. 2019; “Fungo 18; Em Marasmiellus cubensis ”; CELC • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; “Fungo 16 \\ Em Marasmiellus sp. ”; CELC • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; “Fungo 22 \\ Em Leucoprinus ianthinus ”; CELC • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; “Fungo 13 \\ Em Marasmiellus cubensis ”; CELC • 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; “Fungo 05 \\ Em Marasmius sp. ”; CELC • 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; “Fungo 24 \\ Em Marasmiellus cubensis ”; CELC • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 21 Nov. 2019; LabCol leg.; “Fungo 38 \\ Em Marasmiellus sp. ”; CELC • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; “Fungo 06 \\ Em Agaricus dulcidulus e Leucocoprinus brebissoni ”; CELC • 5 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ (1 ♂, abdomen dissected, preserved in glycerin); same collection data as for preceding; “Fungo 26 \\ Em Lulesia lignicola ”; CELC • 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; “Fungo 16 \\ Em Marasmius araucariae ”; CELC • 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀ (1 ♀, abdomen dissected, preserved in glycerin); same collection data as for preceding; “Fungo 12 \\ Em Marasmiellus aff. ramealis ”; CELC • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; “Fungo 52 \\ Em Marasmiellus sp. ”; CELC • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; “Fungo 41 \\ Em Lepiota sp. ”; CELC • 2 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; 26 Nov. 2019; LabCol leg.; “Fungo 23 \\ Em Marasmiellus cubensis ”; CELC • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; “Fungo 18 \\ Em Entoloma (Inocephalus) sp.”; CELC • 2 ♀♀ (1 ♀, abdomen dissected, preserved in glycerin); same collection data as for preceding; “Fungo 46 \\ Em Volvariella sp. ”; CELC • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; “Fungo 24 \\ Em Marasmius sp. ”; CELC • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; “Fungo 19 \\ Pleteus sp.”; CELC • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; “Fungo 37 \\ Conocybe sp. ”; CELC • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; “Fungo 26 \\ Em Leucocoprinus sp. ”; CELC • 3 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; “Fungo 17”; CELC • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; “Fungo 39 \\ Em Marasmius hematocephalus ”; CELC • 2 ♂, 1 ♀ (1 ♂ entirely dissected, preserved in glycerin); same collection data as for preceding; 28 Nov. 2019; LabCol leg.; “fotos 1103- 05 \\ Em Marasmius sp. ”; CELC • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding, “Trilha dos Gigantes”; 3 Feb. 2019; LabCol leg.; CELC • 1 ♀; Viçosa, Mata da Biologia; 3 May 2014; S. Aloquio leg.; “\\ ex. Lepiota sp. ”; CELC • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Viçosa, Recanto das Cigarras, Mata da Biol.; 13 Nov. 2019; LabCol leg; “Fungo 11 \\ Em Coprinellus disseminatus ”; CELC • 1 ♂; Viçosa, Mata da Biologia; 15 Oct. 2021; E. von Groll and A. Orsetti leg.; “Fungo 06”; CELC • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; “Fungo 26 \\ Em Leucocoprinus cepistipes ”; CELC • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 23 Nov. 2021; E. von Groll and G.L.N. Martins leg.; “\\ Em Favolus tenuiculus ”; CELC • 8 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 26 Nov. 2021; “\\ Em Favolus tenuiculus ”; CELC .

Diagnosis

TL: 2.60–3.40 mm in males and 2.56–3.52 mm in females. Pronotum reddish brown, elytra black (Fig. 47A). Eyes remarkably wider than head, rounded (Fig. 48A). Antennomere XI hexagonal, longish (Fig. 48B–C). Hypomeron only laterally with imbricate microsculpture. Metaventrite smooth, but laterally with imbricate microsculpture. Tergite VIII of males coarsely punctate (Fig. 52D). Rounded ventral struts (Fig. 52F). Aedeagus with short apex; openings in dorsal view thin, forming a wide acute angle; parameres short (Fig. 53A–C). Distal gonocoxites curved and thick (Fig. 54E).

Redescription

COLORATION. Iridescent. Frons ochre, reddish brown; clypeus yellowish to ochre; mouthparts yellowbrown (Fig. 48A, Supp. file 3 (Figs 1D, 3D)); antennomeres I–VI and apex of XI yellow-brown; VII–X and basal part of XI darker (Fig. 48B). Pronotum and hypomeron reddish brown (Fig. 47A–B, Supp. file 3 (Figs 1E, 3E)). Scutellum reddish brown or black (Fig. 49D). Elytra black (Fig. 47A); epipleuron dark ochre. Mesanepisternum, metanepisternum and metepimeron dark ochre. Metaventrite dark brown, lighter laterally (Fig. 47B). Coxae and trochanters dark ochre; femora yellowish brown, apex yellow; tibiae and tarsi ochre (Fig. 47B–C). Tergite VI and VII black; tergite VIII yellow. Ventrites 1–4 dark brown; 5 and 6 yellow. Teneral specimens entirely light brown (Fig. 47D–E) or with pronotum lighter (Fig. 47F).

HEAD. Punctation dense, fine (Fig. 48A). Eyes remarkably wider than head, rounded (Fig. 48A). Labrum transverse, lateral areas rounded, not well marked at apex; central margin slightly curved; sclerotized portion rounded; lateral setae slightly exceeding margins of labrum; almost without pores centrally (Fig. 48D). Mandibles smoothly curved, subapical serrations on left mandible conspicuous (Fig. 48E– F). Maxillae with palpomere II long and thin; palpomere III somewhat globose; galea densely pubescent and lacinia moderately pubescent (Fig. 48G). Mentum laterally rounded, curved apically (Fig. 49A). Setae of labial palpomere II not exceeding palpomere III; palpomere III longish, with short apical setae (Fig. 49A–B). Post gena microsculptured with close transversal lines; gular pores limited to region next to eyes and submentum; gula triangular, small (Fig. 49C). Antennae not reaching or surpassing mesanepisternum, regardless of sex; antennal club smoothly delimited; antennomere XI hexagonal, longish (Fig. 48B–C).

PROTHORAX. Pronotum smooth, shining; punctation dense, fine; pubescence short, fine (Fig. 49D); transverse, sub-straight laterally, almost forming a right angle at posterior margin (Fig. 49E). Hypomeron laterally with imbricate microsculpture. Notosternal suture with an angle, outward directed (Fig. 49F). Profurca thin, short, not exceeding half of foramen (Fig. 49G). Prosternal process apically wavy (Fig. 50A).

MESOTHORAX. Mesonotum with prescutellar suture (= scutellar lines, Leschen & Löbl 2005) wavy (Fig. 50B). Scutellum rounded posteriorly (Fig. 50B). Anterior phragma thin and somewhat straight (Fig. 50C). Mesanepistenum with shallow imbricate microsculpture, inconspicuous in some. Procoxal rests triangular, straight posteriorly (Fig. 50D). Mesoventral and median lines strongly wavy; area between median and mesocoxal lines large (Fig. 50D). Mesoventral process curved, forming a wellmarked ridge (Fig. 50E).

METATHORAX. Metanotum with triangular alacrista, turned to the sides; scutoscutellar suture inconspicuous; median membranous area narrow and long (Fig. 50F). Metaventrite smooth, but with imbricate microsculpture laterally; punctation sparse, fine. Mesocoxal line forming an angle between coxal cavities; finely punctate under coxal cavities (Fig. 50D). Metanepisternum and metepimeron with imbricate microsculpture. Intercoxal plates smooth. Metendosternite with curved arms; ‘stalk ridge’ exceeding half length of stalk (Fig. 51A); ventral longitudinal flange wide and short in lateral view (Fig. 51B).

WINGS. Elytra slightly wider than long, partially covering tergite VI (Fig. 47A); basal (Fig. 49D) and sutural lines dashed and punctate; adsutural area with a row of setae, six rows of coarse punctures (not including sutural line) (Figs 47A, 51C); lateral lines punctate; apical coarse punctation dense; apical serrations moderately large, well visible (Fig. 51D); pubescence short, fine. Epipleuron with diffuse coarse punctures. Hind wings fully developed (Fig. 51E).

LEGS. Pro-, meso- and metacoxae, and femora with strigulate microsculpture. Femora somewhat straight (Fig. 51F–H). Pro- and mesofemora sparsely and coarsely punctate; metafemora sparsely and finely punctate. Mesotibiae densely spinose, spines fine (Fig. 51G). Metatibiae sparsely spinose, spines fine (Fig. 51H).

ABDOMEN. Tergites VI–VIII with imbricate microsculpture; tergite VII trapezoidal; punctation sparse, fine; pubescence dense, fine (Fig. 52A). Ventrites 1–5 (Figs 52B, S 5F) sparsely and coarsely punctate; pubescence sparse, fine; imbricate microsculpture anteriorly, and with strigulate microsculpture posteriorly (Fig. 52C). Metacoxal lines finely punctate.

Males

MEASUREMENTS (n = 1; in mm). Antennomeres (length(width): 0.15(0.06), 0.13(0.05), 0.14(0.04), 0.09(0.04), 0.11(0.05), 0.08(0.06), 0.07(0.08), 0.07(0.11), 0.08(0.12), 0.08(0.13), 0.18(0.14); (n = 15, unless otherwise specified; in mm): TL 2.60–3.72 (mean = 3.16, standard deviation ± 0.34), PL 0.90–1.35 (1.12 ± 0.12), PA 0.75–1.00 (0.88 ± 0.07), PB 1.50–2.25 (1.90 ± 0.23), SL (n =14) 0.13– 0.21 (0.16 ± 0.02), SW (n =14) 0.12–0.20 (0.16 ±0.02), EI 1.50–2.15 (1.84 ± 0.19), EL 1.77–2.55 (2.18 ± 0.23), EW 0.85–1.42 (1.12 ± 0.15), EH 0.30–0.95 (0.74 ± 0.20), HW 0.68–0.89 (0.79 ± 0.06), IS 0.15–0.25 (0.21 ± 0.02), WA 0.15–0.20 (0.18 ± 0.01), MC 0.70–1.15 (0.91 ± 0.12), MB 0.33–0.56 (0.44 ± 0.07), VL 0.46–0.75 (0.62 ± 0.08).

Pro- and mesotarsomeres I–III enlarged, with tenet setae (Fig. 51F–G). Tergite VIII triangular, acuminate posteriorly; punctation dense, coarse; subglabrous (Fig. 52A, D, Supp. file 3 (Figs 1F, 3G)). Tergite IX with rounded ventral struts (Fig. 52E–F, Supp. file 3 (Figs 1G, 4A–B)). Sternite VIII rectangular, short (Fig. 52G,Supp. file 3 (Figs 1H, 4C)). Sternite IX more or less spoon-like (Fig. 52F, Supp. file 3 (Figs 1G, 4B)). Aedeagus sclerotized enlarged at base, apex of median lobe short; openings in dorsal view thin, forming a very acute angle (Fig. 53A–C, Supp. file 3 (Figs 2A–C, 4D–F)); internal sac with irregular sclerites, crown-like (Fig. 53D–E,Supp. file 3 (Fig. 4G–H)); parameres short, curved and with denticular structures at base (Fig. 53A–B, Supp. file 3 (Figs 2A–B, 4D–E)).

Females

MEASUREMENTS (n = 1; in mm). Antennomeres (length(width): 0.16(0.06), 0.12(0.06), 0.13(0.04), 0.08(0.04), 0.10(0.05), 0.06(0.06), 0.06(0.08), 0.08(0.10), 0.07(0.12), 0.08(0.14), 018(0.15); (n = 14, unless otherwise specified; in mm): TL 2.56–3.64 (mean = 3.15, standard deviation ± 0.30), PL 0.92– 1.37 (1.14 ± 0.11), PA 0.77–1.02 (0.90 ± 0.06), PB 1.50–2.20 (1.92 ± 0.18), SL (n =12) 0.12–0.20 (0.16 ± 0.02), SW (n =12) 0.14–0.19 (0.16 ±0.01), EI (n =12) 1.52–2.12 (1.87 ± 0.16), EL (n =12) 1.85–2.52 (2.12 ± 0.19), EW 0.90–1.30 (1.14 ± 0.10), EH (n =12) 0.35–0.97 (0.75 ± 0.23), HW 0.65– 0.88 (0.79 ± 0.02), IS 0.20–0.26 (0.22 ± 0.02), WA 0.15–0.22 (0.18 ± 0.02), MC (n =13) 0.72–1.06 (0.93 ± 0.09), MB 0.35–0.95 (0.49 ± 0.14), VL 0.52–0.77 (0.65 ± 0.07).

Tergite VIII triangular, rounded posteriorly; punctation dense, coarse; subglabrous (Fig. 54A). Sternite VIII rectangular with a sooth projection; with strigulate microsculpture (Fig. 54B). Vagina and bursa copulatrix membranous without sclerites; vaginal plate with an apical sclerite, more or less short; oviduct bilobed, each lobe bearing a filiform spermatheca (Fig. 54C–D, Supp. file 2B). Distal gonocoxites curved and thick; gonostyli long, slender (Fig. 54C, E).

Host fungi

Adults were collected from Marasmiellus cubensis (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Singer (4 records, 8 individuals), Marasmiellus spp. (5, 6), Marasmiellus aff. ramealis (1, 5), cf. Marasmiellus sp. (yellow) (2, 5), cf. Pleteus sp. (1, 1), Marasmius araucariae Singer (1, 2), Marasmius haematocephalus (1, 1), Leucocoprinus cepistipes (1, 2), Leucocoprinus ianthinus (1, 1), Leucoprinus sp. (1, 1), Inocybe sp. ( Agaricales, Inocybaceae) (1, 3), cf. Valvariela sp. (1, 2), Leucoagaricus rubrotinctus (Peck) Singer (1, 1), Lepiota sp. ( Agaricales, Agaricaceae) (1, 3), Macrolepiota colombiana Franco-Mol. ( Agaricales, Agaricaceae) (1, 2), Heimiomyces neovelutipes (Hongo) E.Horak ( Agaricales, Mycenaceae) (1, 1), Lulesia lignicola B.E.Lechner & J.E.Wright (Agaricales) (1, 7), Pleurotus pulmonarius (Fr.) Quél. ( Agaricales, Pleurotaceae) (2, 28), Volvariella sp. ( Agaricales, Pleurotaceae) (1, 2), Pluteus sp. ( Agaricales, Pleurotaceae) (1, 1), Mycena sp. ( Agaricales, Mycenaceae) (1, 1), Entoloma (Inocephalus) sp. (1, 1), Conocybe sp. ( Agaricales, Bolbitiaceae) (1, 1), Coprinellus disseminatus (Pers.) J.E.Lange ( Agaricales, Psathyrellaceae) (1, 4), unidentified mushrooms (1, 18) and Favolus tenuiculus P.Beauv. ( Polyporaceae, Polyporales).

Remarks

Images of the type series were requested from the MNHN, where these specimens were supposedly deposited (Löbl 2018a), but we were informed that they could not find any specimens. Nonetheless, we decided to treat the specimens that we examined as C. collare because their morphology and localities fit the original description and the known distribution of the species. Fourteen individuals of different body length and collected from different fungi at Viçosa, one from Areia Branca (SE) (Supp. file 3 (Figs 1–2)), and another one from Sta Luzia do Itanhi (SE) (Supp. file 3 (Figs 3–4)) were dissected. No differences were found in the terminalia, including the flagellum. Furthermore, no external differences were observed. The total body length is quite variable (2.60–3.72 mm). The three individuals from Areia Branca (SE) are the largest (3.64, 3.68 and 3.72 mm), while individuals collected at Viçosa (MG) and Sta Luzia do Itanhi (SE) are in the same size range (2.56–3.52 mm).

Distribution

Known from Brazil [“Matu Sinhos, Minas”; “Matto Grosso”; “Pery-Pery, Pernambuco ”; “right bank of Parahyba ”]. New records from Areia Branca and Santa Luzia do Itanhi, state of Sergipe, Northeast, Brazil, and from “Mata da Biologia” and “EPTEA Mata do Paraíso”, campus of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil (Fig. 55).