Paracyphononyx pilisquamatus Liu & Ma, sp. nov.

LSIDurn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: DF068DE2-B734-4048-B1B1-E6989808D18B

(Figs 1A–G, 2A–I)

Material examined. Holotype, ♀, CHINA, Yunnan, Lushui City, Shangjiang Town, Binggong Village, 25°56′N, 98°88′E, 847 m, sweep net, 19.VII.2006, coll. Zaifu Xu. Paratypes. CHINA, Yunnan: 4♀ 2♂, same locality as holotype, sweep net, 19.VII.2006, coll. Zaifu Xu (2♀ 1♂), 19.VII.2006, coll. Hesheng Wang (1♀), 19.VII.2006, coll. Li Ma (1♀ 1♂) ; 5♂, Tengchong City, Gaoligong Mountain, 24°56′N, 98°08′E, 1400 m, 1–18.VIII.2005, Coll. Juanjuan Ma ; 2♀, Lianghe County, Zhedao Town, Longhe Village, 24°48’N, 98°18’E, 1058 m, sweep net, 5.V.2013, coll. Xiaoling Ji, Ju You ; 1♂, same locality, 5.V.2013, coll. Xiaoling Ji, Jian Zhu, Li Jiang; 1♀, Yingjiang County, Pingyuan Town, 24°42’N, 97°55’E, 822 m, 1.V.2013, coll. Ju You ; 1♀, Simao city, Jingdong County, Wenjing Town, 24°17’N, 100°55’E, 1976 m, 29.IV.2005, coll. Hesheng Wang ; 1♀ 2♂, Simao city, Jingdong County, Jinping Town, Shanjiao Village, 24°27’N, 1174 m, 100°49’E, 1.V.2005, coll. Li Ma, Chunju Liu ; 1♀ 1♂, Dehong, Mangshi City, 24°18’N, 98°41’E, 1009 m, 9.VIII.2005, coll. Li Ma, Tingjing Li ; 1♂, Dehong, Mangshi City, Fapa Town, 24°23’N, 98°33’E, 822 m, 10.VIII.2005, coll. Li Ma ; 1♂, Dehong, Mangshi City, Longchuan County, Bajiao Vliiage, 24°27’N, 98°07’E, 1007 m, 13.VIII.2005, coll. Kai Wu ; 1♂, Dehong, Mangshi Town, Mangshi Riverside, 24°26’N, 98°35’E, 926 m, 9.VIII.2005, coll. Hesheng Wang ; 1♂, Dehong, Mangshi Town, West Suburb of Mangshi Riverside, 24°26’N, 98°34’E, 895 m, 9.VIII.2005, coll. Xiaoli Li ; 1♀, Dehong, Ruili City, Jiemei Vliiage, 23°54’N, 97°44’E, 750 m, 11.VIII.2005, coll. Hesheng Wang ; 1♂, Dehong, Ruili City, Mengxiu Vliiage, 24°03’N, 97°47’E, 1501 m, 30.IV.2013, coll. Xiaoling Ji, Jian Zhu, Li Jiang ; 19♂, same locality, 30.V.2013, coll. Xiaoling Ji, Jian Zhu, Li Jiang; 8♂, Pu’er City, Zhenyuan Conuty, Wuliang Wetland Park, 24°00’N, 101°06’E, 1212 m, 15.VII.2014, coll. Lin Ma, Xin Jiang ; 4♂, Pu’er City, Jinggu Conuty, Bianjiang Garden, 23°04’N, 100°42’E, 904 m, 13.VII.2014, coll. Lin Ma, Haizhen Luo ; 3♂, Yuxi City, Wanshuigou, 444m, 450m, 467m, Malaise trap, 23°36′N, 101°59′E, V–VI.2016, coll. Li Ma ; 1♂, Yuxi City, Yuanjiang County, Yuanjiang riverside, 24°23’N, 101°59’E, 1382 m, 20.IV.2015, coll. Haixia Lu ; 1♂, Lincang City, Yun County, Xiaojie Village, 24°22’N, 100°14’E, 1397 m, 21.VII.2014, coll. Jinlin Bai ; 2♂, Jinghong, Menghai, Guanggang Village, 21°49′N, 100°29′E, 1526 m, Malaise trap, 22.IV–28.V.2019, coll. Yong-sheng Pu ; 1♂, Zhaotong City, Yongshan County, Huanghua Town, 27°59’N, 103°33’E, 486 m, Malaise trap, 5.V.2013, coll. Li Ma. China, Hainan: 3♂, Diaoluoshan National Forest Park, 18°41′N, 109°68′E, 1508 m, sweep net, 12–13.VII.2010, Coll. Huayan Chen. China, Guangdong: 1♀ 3♂, Shenzhen, Shenzhen Overseas Chinese Town National Wetland Park, 22°31′N, 113°59′E, 0 m, 5. VI –29. VI. 2020, coll. Jianwei Li.

Diagnosis. The new species clearly differs from other congeners by the following characteristics: all legs are black; SMC3 strongly narrowed above and forming triangle, petiolate; vein M and vein cu-a of hindwing coincides at intersection of vein M + CuA; apical sternum strongly compressed laterally, with distinct, longitudinal ridge ventrally.

Description. Female (Measurements of the holotype are given in parentheses). Body length 9–10.5 (9.5) mm; forewing length 7–8.5 (8.3) mm. Body black (Fig. 1A); mandible medially yellowish brown, dark brown at apex; labial palpus and maxillary palpus pale brown; wings fusco-hyaline or pale fuscous, forewing with dark brown band exterior to SMC3 (Fig. 1E). Head (except for vertex, mandible medially and apically, and eye) and pronotum basally, propleuron, mesopleuron, scutellum, metanotum on both sides, and coxa covered with dense, grayish-white pubescence; basal half of metasomal terga 2–4 with broad band of bluish-gray pubescence; mandible basally, frons, vertex, metasomal sternum 6, tergum 5 apically, and tergum 6 with several brown to black long setae; gena, propleuron, and fore femur basally with sparse, long, white setae; metapleuron, metanotum medially, posterior slope of propodeum, and hind coxa dorsally in some specimens covered with dense, erect, white appressed setae (Fig. 1D); terga 1–3 largely with squamiform pubescence (Fig. 1F).

Head. In frontal view (Fig. 1B), ratio of head width to head length = 50:43; mandible with a small internal tooth subapically; labrum fully exposed; clypeus 2 times as wide as long, apical margin nearly truncate but weakly concave medially; malar space fairly long, about as long as pedicel, malar space 0.33–0.42 × mandible width basally; frontal line complete from anterior ocellus to antennal sockets but faint; inner orbits nearly parallel above and below, slightly concave at middle, LID:MID:UID = 7.6:10:7.8; area between antennal socket slightly elevated; frons slightly elevated in lateral view, half of its width slightly more than eye width (in frontal view); gena narrow, its width 0.19–0.23 × eye width in lateral view; ocelli forming a right-angled triangle (Fig. 1C); OOD:OD:POD: OCD = 7:6:11:10; vertex flat between eye tops; UID equal to length of A3 and 0.5 × A4 combined; occipital carina distinct; antenna slender; length of A1:A2:A3:A4:A5 = 10:4:13:14:14; ratio of length of A3 to AW of A3 = 13:4; ratio of length of A12 to BW of A12 = 10:3.

Mesosoma. In dorsal view, pronotum significantly shorter than mesonotum, its posterior margin triangularly emarginate medially, ratio width of pronotum posteriorly to length of pronotum medially = 1.7:1; mesoscutum with two short and weak admedian line anteriorly, without notaulus, parapsidal line distinct, extending from posterior margin to three quarters of mesoscutum; scutellum and metanotum conspicuously convex medially, both tops at same height, metanotum slightly lower than scutellum; metapostnotum smooth, wide and arch-shaped in middle, narrowing towards sides into linear (Fig. 1D), posterior margin distinctly concave (Fig. 1D); ratio of length of metanotum to metapostnotum at middle = 2:1 (Fig. 1D); propodeum lustrous, with declivity at its posterior, about 0.38 × length of propodeum, dorsum widest at middle. (Fig. 1D).

Wing. Forewings with three submarginal cells, SMC2 receiving crossvein 1m-cu at basal 0.63, SMC3 receiving crossvein 2m-cu at basal 0.6 (Fig. 1E); SMC2 on vein RS much shorter than its length on vein M (Fig. 1E); SMC3 strongly narrowed above and forming triangle, petiolate, petiole length 0.25–0.5 × height of SMC3; pterostigma small, ratio of its length to 2r-rs = 1:3; ratio of SMC2 to SMC3 on vein M = 1:1 (Fig. 1E); ratio of length of marginal cell to distance from tip of marginal cell to wing tip = 1:2; hindwing crossvein cu-a arcuate or curved, vein M and vein cu-a of hindwing coincides at intersection of vein M + CuA (Fig. 1E).

Legs. Fore legs without tarsal comb; orbiculae ca. 0.33 × as long as tarsal claws; orbicular pecten dense and long, about 0.5 × length of tarsal claw; all tibiae, mid and hind basitarsi with long, blue-black metallic luster spines; all tarsomere 5 beneath with a median row of spines; long spur of hind tibia 0.75 × as long as basitarsus; ratio of hind tibia length to hind tibia longer spur at apex and tergum 1 = 9:5:6.

Metasoma. Not petiolate, subfusiform (Fig. 1F); apical sternum strongly compressed laterally, with distinct longitudinal ridge ventrally (Fig. 1G).

Male. Similar to female except as follows: body length 6.2–11 mm; forewing length 5.5–9.2 mm (Fig. 2A). Scape with triangular yellowish white spot below, flagellum ventrally more or less reddish brown on at least first three segments (Fig. 2D); metasomal tergum 7 white, some specimens with white maculate on hind tibia dorsally, and its spur white. Base half of sterna 1–3, terga 2–4 largely with broad band of bluish-gray pubescence; hind coxa dorsally with squamiform pubescence. OOD:OD:POD:OCD= 9:4.5:11:10 (Fig. 2C); antenna stout and long, A5–13 obviously serrated, flagellum strongly crenulate basally, above with large shallow depression (Fig. 2D); vertex slightly protruding between top of eyes; LID:MID:UID = 37:46:40 (Fig. 2B); UID equal to length of A3 and A4 combined; length of A1 A2:A3:A4:A5:A8:A12:A13 = 10:3:8:10:10:9:7:8; ratio of length of A3 to AW of A3 =2:1; ratio of length of A13 to BW of A13 = 10:3. Ratio of width of pronotum posteriorly to length of pronotum medially = 2:1; ratio of length of metanotum to metapostnotum at middle = 4:1; propodeum with declivity at its posterior, about 0.2 × length of propodeum (Fig. 2E). Metasomal sternum 6 prominent in angular shape laterally, forming V shape medially. All tarsomere 5 without median row of spines ventrally.

SGP and genitalia. In ventral view (Fig. 2G), SGP nearly truncate or slightly arched at apical margin, with dense, black setae, translucent from base to middle area; digitus strongly enlarged apically, with irregular, dense and long black setae at apex and base; paramere short, feathery, as long as digitus, with short setae at inner side, apex of aedeagus with distinct, band-like and transparent membrane, length equal to aedeagus (Fig. 2H, I).

Comparison. The new species is similar to P. alienus (Smith, 1879) in having the following characteristics: hind femur and hind tibia black; ocelli forming a right-angled triangle (Fig. 1C); SMC3 strongly narrowed above and forming triangle, petiolate; hindwing vein M+CuA diverging at cu-a (Fig. 3F); SGP nearly truncate or slightly arched at apical margin; but markedly differs by the characters given in the Table 1.

Distribution. China (Yunnan, Hainan, Guangdong).

Etymology. The name pilisquamatus originates from the Latin word “pil”(= pubescence) and “squamatus” (= squamiform), referring to squamiform pubescence on the metasomal terga 1–3.