Genus Xantharia Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001

Type species.

Xantharia floreni Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001 from Malaysia.

Composition.

Xantharia is endemic to Southeast Asia, and three species are currently included: X. floreni Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001 (♂♀) from Malaysia, X. galea Zhang, Zhang & Fu, 2010 (♂♀) from China, and X. murphyi Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001 (♂) from Indonesia.

Diagnosis.

The genus resembles Arabelia Bosselaers, 2009 as the males (cf. Figs 6, 9 and Bosmans 2011: 20, figs 15, 16) have a similar wide and nearly elliptical embolic base (Figs 6B, 9B), a membranous conductor (Figs 6A-C, 9A-C), a long looping sperm duct (Figs 6A-C, 9A-C), a retrolateral tibial apophysis (Figs 6A-C, 9A-C) and females have similar globular secondary spermathecae (Fig. 7B), but can be distinguished by the endites with a diagonal depression in the middle (Figs 8B, D, 10C; absent in Arabelia), by the legs I distinctly stouter than legs II-IV (Figs 8A-D, 10A-C; vs. legs strength uniform in Arabelia), by the anterior tibiae and metatarsi spineless (Figs 8A-D, 10A-C; present in Arabelia), by the copulatory openings small (Fig. 7A; vs. copulatory openings large in Arabelia), and by the fertilization ducts originating medially (Fig. 7B; vs. fertilization ducts originating posteriorly in Arabelia). The genus also resembles Drassinella Banks, 1904 as the males have similar shape and position of embolus and sperm duct (Figs 6A-C, 9A-C), membranous conductor (Figs 6A-C, 9A-C) and retrolateral tibial apophysis (Figs 6A-C, 9A-C), but can be distinguished by the legs I distinctly stouter than legs II-IV (Figs 8A-D, 10A-C; vs. legs strength uniform in Drassinella), by the anterior tibiae and metatarsi spineless (Figs 8A-D, 10A-C; present in Drassinella), by the palpal femur without apophysis (Figs 8A, B, 10A-C; vs. palpal femur with retroventral apophysis, surface with tiny denticles in Drassinella), by the epigynal field with or without anterior hood (Fig. 7A; vs. epigynal field with indistinct anterior ridge in Drassinella), and by the fertilization ducts originating medially (Fig. 7B; vs. fertilization ducts originating posteriorly in Drassinella).

Description.

See Deeleman-Reinhold (2001).

Discussion.

Xantharia is placed in Liocranidae based on the following combination of characters: posterior median eye tapeta forming 90° angle ( Ramírez 2014), endites with a diagonal depression in the middle like Drassinella Banks, 1904 and Jacaena Thorell, 1897 (e.g., Platnick and Ubick 1989; fig. 778 in Deeleman-Reinhold 2001; fig. 1C in Liu et al. 2020), anterior tibiae and metatarsi spineless, like in Sphingius Thorell, 1890 (e.g., Zhang et al. 2009), shape and position of embolus and sperm duct like Arabelia Bosselaers, 2009 and Drassinella (e.g., figs 1, 5 in Platnick and Ubick 1989; fig. 3D in Mu and Zhang 2022), most of the epigynal field anteriorly hood like Arabelia, Mesiotelus Simon, 1897 and Sphingius (e.g., figs 18, 27 in Zhang et al. 2009; fig. 4A in Mu and Zhang 2022; figs 4-7, 15-18 in Coşar et al. 2023). At the same time, Xantharia of Liocranidae can be distinguished from Miturgidae by the posterior median eye tapeta forming 90° angle (Fig. 11A-C), but grate-shaped in Miturgidae (e.g., fig. 14a in Raven 2009), eight eyes in two rows, AER slightly recurved, PER almost straight in dorsal view (Fig. 11A-C), but PER slightly procurved to recurved in Miturgidae (e.g., fig. 1c in Raven 2009), cymbium without retrolateral groove (Figs 6C, 9C), but present in Miturgidae (e.g., figs 140B, 145C-F in Ramírez 2014; figs 2D, 3D-E in Sankaran and Sebastian 2019; figs 1C, 2C in Sánchez-Ruiz et al. 2020), RTA without canal and membranous area (Figs 6A-C, 9A-C), but present in Miturgidae (e.g., figs 6c, 14e in Raven 2009; fig. 146B in Ramírez 2014). The genus can also be distinguished from Clubionidae in Asia by the posterior median eye tapeta forming 90° angle (Fig. 11A-C), but absent in Clubionidae ( Ramírez 2014), endites with diagonal depression in the middle (Figs 8B, D, 10C), but absent in Clubionidae (e.g., figs 1G, 2G in Zhang et al. 2021a; figs 2H, 4H in Zhang et al. 2021b; figs 2H, 12H in Zhang et al. 2021c), ocular area covering three-fifths of the anterior width of the carapace (Figs 8A, C, 10A), but four-fifths in Clubionidae (e.g., figs 1F, 2F in Zhang et al. 2021a; figs 2E, 4E in Zhang et al. 2021b; figs 2E, 8E in Zhang et al. 2021c), wall of the primary spermathecae and secondary spermathecae almost uniform (Fig. 7B), but bursae thin-walled and spermathecae thick-walled in Clubionidae (e.g., figs 6D, 8D in Zhang et al. 2021a; figs 2D, 4D in Zhang et al. 2021b; figs 14D, 16D in Zhang et al. 2021c).