1.4. Tulipa ingens Hoog in Gard. Chron. Ser. 3, 32: 14. (1902).

Type:— figure 7 in Gard. Chron., 3, 32: 14 (1902) [lectotype designated by Christenhusz et al. 2013: 315] .

Description:—Bulb elongate-ovoid, 2–3(4) cm thick; tunic blackish-brown or brown, thinly subcoriaceous, inside rather profusely covered with long silky brown adpressed hairs; stem 15–35 cm long, pale green, the upper part of stem and peduncle pubescent; leaves 3(5), spreading, scattered, slightly curled, glaucous, pubescent, more or less ciliate margined, not exceeding the flower; basal leaf lanceolate, 2–5(9) cm broad; upper leaves progressively decreasing in size; flower solitary, bright red, widely campanulate or widely cup-shaped to almost star-shaped; perigone segments 4–11 cm long, more or less acuminate to a pubescent point, the black blotch usually not margined, obtuse or sinuate (the black spot in the center of flower resembles a symbol of “clubs” in playing cards); outer segments oblongrhomboidal, slightly broader than the oblong to oblong-elliptic inner segments; stamens one third to two-fifths the length of perigone; filaments glabrous, black; anthers blackish-purple, twice the length of anthers; pollen black; ovary columnar, pale green, slightly longer than filaments, with sessile stigma; capsule ca. 2 cm broad, 3–6 cm long.

General distribution:—Western Pamir-Alay (Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan).

Distribution in Uzbekistan:—I-5 Kuhistan district (I-5-c Urgut region), I-6 Western Hissar district (I-6-a Kashkadarya region; I-6-c Baysun region; I-6-d Kuhitang region), I-7 Hissar-Darvaz district (I-7-a Sangardak-Tupalang region).

Phenology:—Flowering: April–May; fruiting: May–June.

Ecology:—Clayey, stony and gravelly slopes, rock ledges in lower and middle mountain zone, 1200–2500(–2800) m a.s.l.

Etymology:—A brief history of the description and etymology of this species is given by Wilford (2006): P. Graeber (a collector for the van Tubergen’s nursery) collected bulbs of this tulip in 1901, in the mountains of the Emirate of Bukhara (modern-day Uzbekistan); in the next year, J. Hoog (1865–1950) described this species in the Gardeners Chronicle with the following comment «…on account of its very large flowers, I propose to name it Tulipa ingens » (Hoog, 1902) . The Latin word “ ingens ” means “ huge, great, gigantic ” (Fig. 3A).

Specimens examined:— UZBEKISTAN: Kuhistan district, Urgut region, Zarafshan Range, Samarkand Province, Samarkand district, northern slope of Zeravshan Range, Amankutan, the pass Takhta-Karacha, 1676 m, 20 April 1913, Michelson 992 (LE) ; Samarkand Province, Amankutan, forestry farm, on the way to the nursery, 19 April 1915, Fedtschenko 356 (LE) ; UzbekSSR, surroundings of Samarkand, Agalyk, 7 April 1934, Butkov s.n. (MW, LE, NY) ; Western Pamir-Alay, Zeravshan Range, surroundings of the village Urgut, the top of the mountain Karakurgan, in the shadow of rocks, 3 May 1936, Gnezdillo 52 (TASH!) ; Western Pamir-Alay, Zeravshan Range, Mt. Kuhisurkh, the gorge Dzhankara, wet meadow among rocks and springs near the village Ishan, 17 May 1936, Gnezdillo 68 (TASH!) ; Urgut, surroundings of Samarkand, 18–19 April 1940, Popov, Zakirov s.n. (TASH!) ; Zeravshan Range, near the top of the pass Amankutan, 28.04.1965, Pryakhin (TASH, LE) ; Tersaksy, village Ukarytersak, 1330 m, 15 April 2017, Kodyrov s.n. (TASH!) ; mountains Kurgantau, Sevazsay, north slope, 1250–1300 m, 14 April 2018, Kodyrov, Juramurodov, Makhmudjanov s.n. (TASH!) ; Zeravshan Range, near the village Amankutan, southern slope, 1750– 1800 m, 15 April 2018, Kodyrov, Juramurodov, Makhmudzhanov U 138 (TASH!) ; Dzhindydarya, near the village Madmon, 10 April 2019, Kodyrov, Juramurodov, Akbarov 2019104040; Dzhindydarya, near the village Madmon, southern slope, 12 April 2019, Kodyrov, Juramurodov, Akbarov 20191204026 (TASH!) ; surroundings of the village Saygus, 1400 m, 12April 2019, Kodyrov, Juramurodov, Akbarov 20191204002, 20191204037 (TASH!) ; Western Hissar district, Kashkadarya region, Hissar Range, Kitab, near the village Shut, 18 May 1916, Popov 795, 796 (TASH!) ; Yakkabag, near the village Bova-Shady, 1 June 1916, Popov 1172 (TASH!) ; mountains to the south of Yakkabag, juniper zone, eastern slope of the gorge, 12.06.1927, Kultiasow, Granitov 496 (TASH!) ; Western Pamir-Alay, upper reaches of the river Yakkabagdarya, surroundings of the village Tashkurgan, descent from the pass Chekmen-Kuydy to the village Tashkurgan, stony slopes, in juniper forest, 17 May 1936, Gnezdillo 68 (TASH!) ; Western Pamir-Alay, upper reaches of the river Yakkabagdarya, surroundings of the village Tashkurgan, descent from the pass ChekmenKuydy to the village Tashkurgan, stony slopes, in juniper forest, 18 June 1936, Botschantzev, Butkov 4 (TASH!) ; Western Pamir-Alay, upper reaches of the river Yakkabagdarya, surroundings of the village Tashkurgan, left bank of Yakkabagdarya west of the village Tashkurgan, fallow lands, on the red clays, 27 June 1936; Botschantzev, Butkov 462 (TASH!) ; Western Hissar, upper part of the slope, near the pass Chekmen-Kuydy (SE of the village Tatar), 15 May 1961, Abdukhamidov s.n. (TASH, LE) ; Yakkabag, mountains Kyzyl-kishlak, 3 May 1964, Kholikov 65 (TASH!) ; Kashkadarya Province, Western Hissar, basin of the river Kyzyldarya, gorge Zarmas, between the villages Tatar and Zarmas, on gravelly and stony slopes and rocks in the middle mountain belt, 7 April 1977, Malakhov s.n. (TASH!) ; UzbekSSR, Kashkadarya Province, Kamashi district, mountains Maydanak between the villages Urta-Dara and Kan, above Lyangar, 2 May 1979, Pimenov, Kljuykov, Borjaev, Baranova 271 (MW) ; Uzbekistan, Kashkadarya Province, Hissar ridge, mt. Maydanak, near observatory Maydanak, ca. 2550 m, 9 April 2015, Jang, Choi, Beshko et al. s.n. (TASH!) ; Kitab Nature Reserve, near village Khodzhakurgan, north slope, 11 April 2019, Kodyrov, Juramurodov, Akbarov 20190411064 (TASH!) ; Uzbekistan, Kashkadarya Province, Hissar Range, near the village Langar, 12 April 2019, Maltzev 17 (TASH!) ; Uzbekistan, Kashkadarya Province, Hissar Range, Kitab Nature Reserve, 12 April 2019, Maltzev 18, 19 (TASH!) ; Uzbekistan, Hissar Range, basin of the river Kashkadarya, valley of the river Aksu between the villages Hissarak and Ghilan, 4 May 2019, Beshko NB 2019024 (TASH!) ; Baysun region, Hissar Range, mountains near the town Baysun, 27 May 1916, Popov 400 (TASH!) ; Baysun Mts., Ketmen-Chapty, stony slope, 2600 m, 19 June 1935, Gordienko 235 (MW) ; UzbekSSR, SW spurs of the Hissar Range, above the village Machay, NW slope of the range Baysuntau, slope to the river Machaydarya, 4 May 1979, Pimenov, Kljuykov, Borjaev, Baranova, Vassiljeva 388 (MW) ; South-western Hissar, Baysuntau, Zovboshi, juniper forest, 5 May 2013, Turginov s.n. (TASH!) ; Kuhitang region: Kuhitang Range, Mts. Kuhitang, 06.05.1915, Popov 489 (TASH!) ; Kuhitangtau, surroundings of the village Shalkan, 1 July1966, Dzhumaev s.n. (TASH!) ; Kuhitang Mountains, Kampyrtepa, 18 April 2008, K. Tojibaev s.n. (TASH!) . Hissar-Darvaz district, Sangardak-Tupalang region, Hissar Range, UzbekSSR, Hissar Range, Chulbair, the watershed between rivers Sina and Bolungur, in juniper forests among Ungernia victoris, 27 May1960, Korotkova 8137 (TASH!) .