Myoleja korneyevi Han and Kütük, n. sp.

(Figs. 1 –12)

Type material

HOLOTYPE male: TURKEY, Trabzon, Macka, Basarköy, N40.42 E39.27, 1,470 m, 17.VI.2003, swept from low vegetation, M. Kütük (Figs. 1–3, USNM). PARATYPES (same collection data as the holotype): 17 males & 4 females (IUMT), 1 female (USNM), 4 males & 4 females (YSUW).

Other material

V. A. Korneyev identified additional conspecific specimens based on the earlier draft of the present paper, and kindly allowed us to include the following information in our paper: RUSSIAN FEDERATION: Northern Caucasus: North Osetia, Tsei Ravin, 4.VII.1990, 3 females, 6.VII.1990, 1 male, Shatalkin (ZMM).

Diagnosis

Myoleja korneyevi and M. sinensis have somewhat similar wing patterns (Figs. 4, 5; presence of S­band and inverted V­band), by which they can be readily distinguished from the remaining Myoleja species. The clear difference in the wing patterns of these two species is that the radial­medial and subapical bands are separated or slightly connected posteriorly in M. korneyevi whereas they are broadly connected posteriorly in M. sinensis . At least Turkish population of his species can also be distinguished from the other four known species of Myoleja by the dark brown male flagellomere 1 (Figs. 2, 3); a single male specimen examined by Korneyev (pers. com.) has brownish yellow flagellomere 1. We need more specimens from the whole distribution range of this species to understand the variation of this character.

Description

Body (Fig. 1) almost entirely shiny to subshiny yellow brown except for dark brown ocellar tubercle (in part), mediotergite, and male flagellomere 1; setulae and setae dark brown; wing length 5.3–6.1 mm; thorax length 1.9–2.3 mm. Head (Figs. 2, 3) yellow brown with ocellar tubercle partially dark brown (only inner margin of ocelli), frons­head ratio 0.39–0.43, eye ratio 0.68–0.76, gena­eye ratio 0.18–0.23, arista­antenna ratio 1.4–1.7; with 2 orbital and 3 frontal setae; medial vertical seta 0.7x as long as longest diameter of eye; lateral vertical seta 0.6x as long as medial vertical seta; postocellar seta 0.4x as long as medial vertical seta; paravertical seta hair­like, about 0.2x as long as medial vertical setae; ocellar seta 2.5–2.8x as long as ocellar tubercle; scape and pedicel yellow brown with short dark brown setulae; flagellomere 1 dark brown in all type males and yellow brown in single Russian Caucasian male and all females examined; arista entirely short pubescent, dark brown except for yellow brown basal thickened part; facial carina shallow with rounded margins; parafacial 0.3–0.4x as wide as flagellomere 1; facial ridge with fine dark brown setulae; genal seta strong, but situated more posteriorly than in most other trypetine taxa (Fig. 2); postgena moderately swollen with relatively long dark brown setulae; postgenal seta not well distinguished from nearby setulae; postocular setae extended 0.5–0.6x distance from upper eye margin to lower eye margin; supracervical setae dark brown; mouthparts short with labella yellow brown setulose and palpi dark brown setulose. Thorax almost entirely yellow brown with dark brown setae and setulae; scutum subshiny yellow brown, moderately microtrichose except for bare lateral and posterior margin; 1 postpronotal, 2 scapular, 1 acrostichal, 1 dorsocentral, 1 intra­alar, 1 presutural supra­alar, 1 postsutural supra­alar, 1 postalar and 2 notopleural setae; dorsocentral seta 0.3–0.4x distance from level of postsutural supra­alar seta to intra­alar seta; scutellum slightly convex with sparse fine dark brown marginal setulae; basal scutellar seta 2.3–2.6x as long as scutellum and apical seta 1.5–2.0x as long as scutellum; proepisternum densely covered with long dark brown setulae; anepisternum with single strong seta and 1 smaller (0.5–0.6x as long) seta ventral to it; mediotergite shiny dark brown with narrow medial longitudinal yellow brown stripe. Legs entirely yellow brown with dark brown setae and setulae; fore femora with 6–8 posteroventral setae (3–4 setae in males about twice as thick as those of females); tibial spur 1.5x as long as wide; hind femora with 3 subapical anterodorsal setae and 1 subapical dorsal seta, setae 2–2.5x as long as nearby setulae. Wing (Figs. 4, 5) hyaline with yellow brown to dark brown pattern, including: cell c with brown spots on about basal 1/5 and apical 1/8; pterostigma basally dark brown and apically yellow brown; dark brown to brown subcostal band from pterostigma across fork of Rs to cell br, connected to yellow brown basal area of cell dm; base of cell br, cells bm and bcu, basal half of cell dm yellow brown; brown anterior apical band, partially yellow brown radial­medial band (anterior third and apical margin dark brown), and subcostal band connected to form S­shaped mark; brown posterior apical and subapical bands connected to form inverted V­shaped mark in female (Fig. 5) but anteriorly separated or nearly so in male (Fig. 4); brown spot on Cu2 and base of A1+Cu2, connected to yellow basal area. Wing­thorax ratio 2.6–2.9, vein R4+5 ratio 1.8–2.3, vein M ratio 0.64–0.76, subcosta­costa ratio 0.64–0.82; R4+5 dorsally with 10–12 tiny setulae between node and R­M, 1–3 setulae apical to R­M; cell bm, cell bcu, anal lobe, and alula, except along fold, entirely microtrichose; posteroapical extension cell bcu about as long as crossvein BM­Cu.

Male abdomen shiny yellow brown, about as long as wide; epandrium (Figs. 6, 7) yellow brown with dark brown setulae; lateral surstylus yellow brown with more or less truncated apex in profile; proctiger pale yellow with dark brown setulae; medial surstylus with lateral prensiseta slightly shorter than medial prensiseta; medial sclerite of glans (Fig. 8) well defined with internal pattern of fine granulation, granules relatively small, spaced approximately by diameter of each granule; dorsal sclerite of glans (Fig. 8) extensively with internal sculpture pattern of hexagonal cells dorsally and elliptic cells ventrally.

Female abdomen entirely shiny yellow brown with dark brown setae and setulae; preabdomen slightly longer than wide; oviscape (Fig. 10) twice longer than wide, subcylindrical, entirely yellow brown with one strong and 2–3 smaller dorsal marginal setae and 3 pairs of strong ventral marginal setae; eversible membrane pale yellow with tiny scales directed basally, lacking taeniae; aculeus (Figs. 11, 12) long and slender, apex laterally flattened with about nine ventral teeth; 3 spermathecae (Fig. 9) yellow brown, round in outline with dense transverse finger­like papillae; one spermatheca slightly smaller than other two.

Remarks

As discussed in the diagnosis, this species closely resembles M. sinensis by sharing a similar wing pattern, and, thus, they may be regarded as a sister species. However, we did not find any other shared characteristic that might be considered as an additional synapomorphy. This type of wing pattern (Figs. 4, 5; presence of both S­shaped and inverted V­shaped bands) is unique within the subtribe Chetostomatina, but can also be found in the two remotely related genera, Anastrephoides Hendel and Anastrepha Schiner. Therefore it is possible that such patterns might also be the result of convergent evolution within Myoleja .

According to Han’s (in press) cladistic analysis of the subtribe Chetostomatina, M. lucida and M. sinensis were grouped together with the genus Paramyiolia based on two unequivocal synapomorphies: 1) apex of lateral prensiseta sharply pointed; and 2) spermatheca with striate pattern. On the other hand, M. boninensis and M. korneyevi have the blunt apexes of the lateral prensisetae and the finger­like papillae on the spermathecae, both of which are considered as plesiomorphic. Therefore, the current concept of Myoleja is paraphyletic and, thus, the generic placement of M. korneyevi should be regarded as tentative until more thorough generic revision of the Chetostomatina is conducted.