4. Astrocaryum caudescens Barbosa Rodrigues (1875: 22) .

Type:— BRAZIL. [Pará state]: in regione sita ad cataractas fluvii Trombetas, s.d., Barbosa Rodrigues (“Barb. Rod. hb. Palm. n. 225”—probably destroyed) . Neotype [designated by Glassman (1972: 14) as “type”, here corrected]:—Illustrations in Barbosa Rodrigues (1903b: Tab. 66B and 67A) .

= Astrocaryum tucuma .

Notes:— Astrocaryum caudescens is among the many synonyms of Astrocaryum tucuma (Kahn & Millan 1992, Henderson et al. 1995, POWO 2024). In the protologue, Barbosa Rodrigues (1875) cited a specimem deposited in his collection “Barb. Rod. hb. Palm.”. The literature also indicates that the “Barb. Rod. hb. Palm.” collection from that time was deposited in the Museu Botânico do Amazonas herbarium (Porto 1892, Prance 1971, Mori & Ferreira 1987). In our search for original material, we found no palm specimen of the taxon collected by Barbosa Rodrigues. Considering the lack of other original material found during our search, we recommend retaining the typification made by Glassman (1972) of the illustration in Barbosa Rodrigues’ subsequent publication (Figs. 4 and 5) called “ Sertum Palmarum ’’ ( Barbosa Rodrigues 1903b). We now recognize the illustration as a neotype.

Types of the names published by Barbosa Rodrigues (1888, 1891a)—“Palmae Amazonensis novae”.