Subfamily Cladonotinae

Composition and distribution.

This diverse and polyphyletic family includes altogether 314 species assigned to 74 genera (Cigliano et al. 2022). Most genera require revision and are not adequately classified in the Tetrigidae system (Zhang et al. 2020). Within the subfamily Cladonotinae, several monophyletic tribes exist, such as Caribbean Choriphyllini ( Choriphyllum Serville, 1838 and Phyllotettix Hancock, 1902), African Xerophyllini (including leaf-like Acmophyllum Karsch, 1890, Seyidotettix Rehn, 1938, Trypophyllum Karsch, 1890, Xerophyllum Fairmaire, 1846), and Asian Cladonotini ( Hymenotes Westwood, 1837, Holoarcus Hancock, 1909, Dolatettix Hancock, 1907).

Diversity in Madagascar.

Altogether, 18 Tetrigidae species of Madagascar are assigned to the subfamily Cladonotinae: two members of Valalyllini trib. nov. ( L. fuscus and V. folium); 13 species of the genus Thymochares, which is currently not assigned to any of the tribes, and it is questionable whether it represents a genus of Cladonotinae; Microthymochares pullus, an endemic genus and species with the same taxonomic problem as Thymochares; Epitettix spheniscus also with the same problematic assignment; and Xerophyllini and its member Morphopoides madagascariensis (Cigliano et al. 2022).