Carex rhynchophora Franchet (1895: 51) . Type:— CHINA. Sutchuen [Sichuan], Tchen-kéou-tin [Chengkou], R.P. Farges s.n. (holotype: P-00294737!; isotype: P-00294738!).

= Carex martini H. Lév. & Vaniot, Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. sér. 3, 11(148): 57. 1902. syn. nov. Type:— CHINA. Kouy-Tchéou [Guizhou], Kouy-yang [Guiyang], 15 May 1898, C. Martin 2106 (holotype: P-00285374!, photo in K!].

In our revision of sect. Rhomboidales Kükenthal (1909: 622) (Jin & Zheng 2013), the name Carex martini H. Léveillé & Vaniot (1902: 57, not treated by Roalson et al. 2021) was treated as a synonym of C. simulans C.B. Clarke (1904: 310, placed in sect. Rhomboidales in Roalson et al. 2021), mainly based on a photo of holotype in K (Jin & Zheng 2013). Based on the general morphology, Carex martini, C. simulans and C. rhynchophora Franchet (1895: 51, placed in sect. Rhomboidales in Roalson et al. 2021) are indeed similar to each another (Figure 5).

In August 2016, the senior author (XF Jin) carried out a second visit to the Paris Natural History Museum, and found the holotype of Carex martini . The utricles of this specimen are glabrous, with the beak margin scabrous, and the nutlets are rhombic-ovoid, with 3 angles constricted at middle, and sides concave above and below (Figure 5: D–F). Carex rhynchophora, displays utricles ranging from glabrous to rarely sparsely pubescent (e.g. Y.J. Li 791 in CDBI!, anonymous 392 in CDBI!), with the beak margin scabrous, and the nutlets are rhombic-ovoid, with 3 angles shallowly constricted at middle, rarely markedly constricted (e.g. S.Y. Chang 130 in HHBG! & PE!, L. Hong 470 in HHBG!, S Guizhou Exped. 429 in PE!), and sides concave above and below. On the contrary, in C. simulans, the utricles are glabrous, and the nutlets are obovoid, with 3 angles not constricted at middle, and sides concave below. Consequently, Carex martini is correctly placed as a synonym of C. rhynchophora .