Key to all the species of the subfamily Myzininae from China (excluding the genus Mesa)

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1. CM (R 1 vein always detached from the wing border) and CSM I–III of fore wing normal, not fused together (Fig. 1); pterostigma obsolete (Fig. 1); T6 (Fig. 8) more and less punctate....................................................... 2

- CM and CSM III of fore wing fused together into the CPM, and CSM I–II present, the second always petiolate (Fig. 63); pterostigma present (Fig. 63); T6 (Fig. 68) quite smooth and mostly impunctate.................................... 6

2. Anterior surface of mesopleuron concave; head square (Fig. 18), posterior corner more or less protruding backward.........................................................................................3 ( Hylomesa Krombein)

- Anterior surface of mesopleuron flat; head not square, posterior corner not protruding backward.............................................................................................. Mesa Saussure (see Liao et al. 2021)

3. Vertex (Fig. 3) close to posterior ocelli with dense punctures and close to occipital carina with sparse punctures; dorsum of propodeum (Fig. 6) largely and irregularly punctate on horizontal surface............ H. punctata Liao, Chen & Li, sp. nov.

- Vertex (Figs 10, 18) near posterior ocelli with few sparse punctures, near occipital carina mostly impunctate; dorsum of propodeum (Fig. 12) largely impunctate on horizontal surface...................................................... 4

4. Head (Fig. 25) wholly black; propodeum (Fig. 31) with narrow median groove, base of groove almost as wide as apex..................................................................................... H. taiwana Tsuneki, 1986

- Head (Figs 9, 16) mostly red, propodeum (Figs 12, 22) with broad median groove, base of groove much wider than apex... 5

5. Ventral surface of hind femur (Fig. 13) medially with long acute prominence; anterior ocellus closer to occiput than to apex of antennal tubercle (Fig. 10).......................................................... H. bakeri Krombein, 1968

- Ventral surface of hind femur (Fig. 21) medially with short obtuse prominence; anterior ocellus closer to apex of antennal tubercle than to occiput (Fig. 18)...................................................... H. longiceps (Turner, 1918)

6. Pam and Pal always 6- and 4- segmented, respectively; ventral surface of the 2 nd fore tarsomere with row of dense short whitish bristles at apex (Fig. 29 in Boni Bartalccui, 2004b)............................................... 7 ( Meria Illiger)

- Pam and Pal always more or less reduced; fore tibia and tarsus without dense short bristles (Fig. 284 in Boni Bartalccui, 2004b)............................................................................................. 11

7. Dorsum of propodeum largely striate laterally, medially with numerous deep punctures; lateral light spots on T2–T4 very large, the distance between two lateral spots less than the length of the spot (Fig. 127 in Boni Bartalccui, 2011a)............................................................................................ M. aurantiaca (Guérin, 1837)

- Dorsum of propodeum basally striate laterally, medially largely smooth (Fig. 76); lateral light spots on T2–T4 or T2–T3 comparatively smaller (Fig. 77), distance between two lateral spots more than or at least equal to the length of the spot........ 8

8. Head square, as high as wide in frontal view, elongated behind eyes....................... M. dorsalis (Fabricius, 1804)

- Head distinctly wider than high in frontal view (Figs 65, 73), rounded behind eyes................................. 9

9. Head dark red; distance between two lateral spots on T2–T4 equal to the length of the spot................................................................................................. M. askhabadensis Radoszkowski, 1886

- Head dark brown to black; distance between two lateral spots on T2–T4 much greater than the length of the spot (Figs 68, 77) .................................................................................................. 10

10. Anterior margin of clypeus straight (Fig. 65); T1 (Fig. 68) subapically with a row of punctures and medially absent, forming incomplete groove................................................................ M. discussa Guiglia, 1973

- Anterior margin of clypeus rounded (Fig. 73); T1 (Fig. 77) subapically with a row of punctures, forming complete groove............................................................................ M. sanguinicollis Morawitz, 1893

11. Scape with a stripe of densely packed punctures bearing long setae, these setae as long as scape; T6 without subapical groove............................................................. Poecilotiphia brevicauda kaszabi (Guiglia, 1965)

- Scape with sparser punctures, not forming a stripe, setae shorter than scape; T6 subapically with a row of punctures medially absent, forming incomplete groove......................................... Komarowia mongolina (Guiglia, 1965)

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1. Hypostomal carina directed laterally toward outer mandibular condyle (Fig. 27); length of S7 0.4–0.5× length of T7 (Fig. 36) in lateral view........................................................................................ 2

- Hypostomal carina not directed laterally, still reaching inner mandibular condyle (Fig. 74); length of S7 more than half of T7 (Fig. 50) in lateral view................................................................................ 5

2. Hind coxa carinate along dorsal margin; T1 (Fig. 34) anteriorly carinate........................3 ( Hylomesa Krombein)

- Hind coxa not carinate along dorsal margin; T1 anteriorly not carinate............... Mesa Saussure (see Liao et al. 2021)

3. Head wholly black; anterior two-thirds of pronotum (Fig. 30) with transverse grooves and posterior third with a few sparse minute punctures................................................................. H. taiwana Tsuneki, 1986

- Head usually red; pronotum sparsely punctate or densely punctate in a few transverse grooves........................ 4

4. Pronotum anteriorly moderately carinate, with sparse punctures............................ H. bakeri Krombein, 1968

- Pronotum anteriorly strongly carinate, with weak to strong dense punctures in a few transverse grooves................................................................................................ H. longiceps (Turner, 1918)

5. Inner margin of eye with deep notch (Figs 45, 58); T7 (Fig. 49) with deep notch........................................................................................................................... 6 ( Meria Illiger)

- Inner margin of eye lightly bent or almost straight (Figs 38, 82), without deep notch; T7 (Figs 43, 85) with comparatively shallow notch.......................................................................................... 10

6. Pronotal transverse carina (Fig. 53) anteriorly complete and not absent; lateral side of pronotum (Fig. 54) antero-ventrally densely punctate, without striae; ventral surface of mid femur with sparse punctures and setae...................................................................................................... M. dorsalis (Fabricius, 1804)

- Pronotal transverse carina anteriorly present and more or less absent (Fig. 46); lateral side of pronotum (Fig. 47) antero-ventrally densely strio-punctate or striate; ventral surface of mid femur smooth, without punctures nor setae................ 7

7. T3–T5 (Fig. 48) wholly with dense punctures; clypeus wholly with dense punctures (Fig. 45).. M. aurantiaca (Guérin, 1837)

- T3–T5 (Fig. 69) basally with dense or sparse punctures, apically impunctate and smooth; clypeus with moderate to sparse punctures (Fig. 58).................................................................................... 8

8. T7 (Fig. 79) with dense deep punctures; tipped lobes of T7 (Fig. 79) pointed............ M. sanguinicollis Morawitz, 1890

- T7 (Fig. 62, 70) with sparse shallow punctures; tipped lobes of T7 (Fig. 62, 70) rounded............................. 9

9. Dorsum of pronotum (Figs 59) anteriorly with dense punctures, posteriorly with moderate punctures; T3–T5 (Fig. 61) basally with large dense punctures................................................ M. askhabadensis Radoszkowski, 1886

- Dorsum of pronotum (Fig. 67) wholly with sparse punctures; T3–T5 (Fig. 69) basally with sparse and comparatively smaller punctures........................................................................ M. discussa Guiglia, 1973

10. Ocelli conspicuously enlarged, posterior ocelli distinctly convex in frontal view (Fig. 38); frons without smooth subtriangular area (Fig. 39); T7 (Fig. 43) with deep punctures, apex smooth and impunctate....... Komarowia mongolina (Guiglia, 1965)

- Ocelli normal, posterior ocelli not convex in frontal view (Fig. 81); frons with smooth subtriangular area corresponding to anterior ocellus (Fig. 82); lateral side of T7 (Fig. 85) densely punctate, medially smooth and impunctate.............................................................................. Poecilotiphia brevicauda kaszabi (Guiglia, 1965)