Phaneropterinae

Within Phaneropterinae a series of tribes exist, based mainly on Brunner von Wattenwyl’s groups (1878). He used, for example, presence or absence of a coxal spine or/and the shape of the ears in the fore tibia as important diagnostic characters. Ragge (e.g. 1960) and Gorochov (e.g. Gorochov & Kang 2002) expressed doubts several times that these groups represent natural units, but unfortunately nobody proposed better solutions at present. So we will here continue to use Brunner’s characters and his grouping because it seems to be the best (and only) way to group similarly looking genera together.