Torpedo marmorata Risso 1810 —Spotted torpedo

Taxonomy. First record from Lebanon as Torpedo marmorata, Risso by Gruvel (1931: 77); subsequently recorded as Torpedo marmorata (Risso 1810) by George et al. (1964: 10); as Torpedo marmorata Risso by Mouneimné (1977: 60); as Torpedo marmorata Risso 1810 by Mouneimné (2002: 66–67); recently recorded as Torpedo mar- morata by Harmelin-Vivien et al. (2005: 629) and as Torpedo marmorata by Lteif (2015: 61). Recent unpublished record from Batroun, (10 December 2008). Material in collection: AUBM.

Distribution. Western Baltic Sea, North Sea, Mediterranean Sea, eastern Atlantic: British Isles south to South Africa, including Madeira and Canary Islands.

Conservation. IUCN: Global (DD: 30 September 2003); Med. (LC: 25 March 2016). Capture and threats: FIB, unknown. Occurrence: Rare. Significant decline in the last two decades. High priority for conservation action .