Palomena prasina (Linnaeus, 1761)

Cimex prasinus Linnaeus, 1761: 249; Cimex viridis totus De Geer, 1773: 266; Cimex roseus O.F. Müller, 1776: 105; Cimex viridis Harris, 1780: 88; Cimex dissimilis Fabricius, 1781: 354; Cimex discolor Wolff, 1811: 183; Pentatoma juniperina Tigny, 1828: 325 (non Linnaeus, 1758); Palomena viridissima Mulsant & Rey, 1866: 277 (non Poda, 1761); Palomena prasina var. rhododactyla Horváth, 1883: 23 .

Distribution in Iran. Ardabil (Modarres Awal 1987), East Azarbaijan (Modarres Awal 1997b, Gharaat et al. 2009; Hassanzadeh et al. 2009a, b; Nikdel et al. 2011), Guilan (Wagner 1968; Hoberlandt 1997; Linnavuori 2008), Khorasan (Linnavuori 2008; Modarres Awal 2008; Mehneh et al. 2010), Mazandaran (Sakenin et al. 2008), West Azarbaijan (Nateq Golestan 2004; Nateq Golestan et al. 2004, 2010a, b, c, 2011), Iran (no locality cited) (Modarres Awal 1997b; Rider 2006; Ribes & Pagola Carte 2013).

General distribution. Euro-Siberian.

Host plants. In hilly forests on deciduous trees such as Carpinus sp. ( Betulaceae), Populus sp. ( Salicaceae), Quercus sp. ( Fagaceae) (Linnavuori 2008), on Corchorus olitorius ( Tiliaceae), Euphorbia geniculata (Euphorpbiaceae), Tribulus terrestris ( Zygophyllaceae) (Sakenin et al. 2008), Rosa sp. ( Rosaceae) (Nateq Golestan et al. 2011); on numerous herbs of the families Poaceae, Asteraceae, Urticaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Rhamnaceae (Ribes & Pagola Carte 2013) .

Comments. Trissolcus semistriatus (Nees) ( Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) destroys the eggs of P. prasina; adults and nymphs are prey for Astata spp. ( Hymenoptera: Crabonidae), Enoplognatha spp. (Aranea: Theridiidae) and Rhynocoris spp. (Heteroptera: Reduviidae). Also Gymnosoma rotundatum Linnaeus and Alophora bonapartei Rond. ( Diptera: Tachinidae) are known endoparasites of P. prasina (Ribes & Pagola Carte 2013) .