Labrundinia paulae Silva sp. n.

(Figs 58–60)

Labrundinia sp. 2 Silva et al. 2013: 600 (DNA barcodes).

Material examined. Type material: Holotype male with pupal and larval exuviae, Brazil: São Paulo, São Carlos, Rubi reservoir, 5.vi.2008, F. L. Silva (MZUSP). 6 Paratypes: 1 male and 1 female with pupal and larval exuviae same data as holotype except for Canchin reservoir, 25.vii.2007 (NTNU); 1 male with pupal and larval exuviae same data as holotype except for Monjolinho stream, 29.ii.2009 (NTNU); 1 male with pupal and larval exuviae same data as holotype except for Ribeirão Preto, Monte Alegre Lake 30.viii.1997 (NTNU); 1 larva as previous except for 12.viii.1997 (NTNU); 1 larva same data as holotype except for Luiz Antonio, Óleo lake, 8.iii.1994, S. T Strixino (NTNU); 1 larva same data as holotype except for Corumbataí, F. O. Roque, 6.ix.2005 (NTNU).

Etymology. Named in honour of Paula Fernanda Rodrigues Motta from São Paulo, in recognition for her friendship, kindness and continuous support.

Diagnostic characters. Labrundinia paulae sp. n. differs from other Labrundinia species by the combination of the following characters. Adult male: R2+3 absent; abdominal tergites I–II, VIII pale, T II–VI with continuous brown transverse band near proximal margin, T VII–VIII almost completely brown; hypopygium pale, sternapodeme with reduced anterior process. Pupa: thoracic horn shaped like the number ‘9’, preapical indentation deep; shagreen on segment II sparse, with small spinules. Larva: surface of head capsule smooth; lateroventral spine group present with one single, well developed spine; posteroventral spine group absent; bifid claw of posterior parapod with V-shaped lower indentation.

Description. Adult male (n = 4)

Size. Total length 2.4–2.5 (2) mm. Wing length 1.4–1.5 mm. Total length/wing length 1.62–1.82 (2). Wing length/ profemur length 2.57–3.08.

Coloration. Head brown with dark brown occipital margin; pedicel and antenna brown; maxillary palp pale brown. Thorax pale brown with dark scutum; antepronotum brown; supraalar callus brown. Wing membrane transparent without any marking. Legs pale brown. Femur I-III brown. Tibia I-III with apex brown. Abdominal tergites I–II, VIII pale, T II–VI with continuous brown transverse band near proximal margin, T VII–VIII almost completely brown; hypopygium pale (Fig. 58L).

Head (Figs 58A–E). Temporal setae 11–15, uniserial (Fig. 58B). Eye ratio 1.08–1.46 (3). Tentorium (Fig. 58C) 141 (1) Μm long. Clypeus 101–114 Μm long, 60–82 Μm wide at largest part, bearing 12–16 setae. Cibarial pump 185–225 Μm long (Fig. 58D), with anterior margin concave. Lengths of palpomeres 1–5 (in Μm): 42–52; 50–71; 124–137; 104–158 (3); 251 (1). Antennal flagellum 887–898 (3) Μm long, diameter of pedicel 117 (1) Μm, apical setae single (Fig. 58E), AR 1.28–1.43 (3).

Thorax. Antepronotum with 5–8 (3) lateral setae. Acrostichals 36–46 (3), biserial, diverging evenly posteriorly, starting close to antepronotum and almost reaching scutellum; dorsocentrals 24–26 (3), irregularly biserial; prealars 11–12; supraalars 2. Anapleural suture ratio 0.40–0.41 (2). Scutellum with transverse row of 8–9 (6) setae and group of numerous fine anterior setae.

Wing (Fig. 58F). Width 0.4 mm. Costa 1.2–1.3 mm long. R2+3 absent. VR 0.72–0.82. WW 0.29–0.30. Brachiolum with 2 setae. Squama setiferous.

Legs (Figs 58G–K). Fore leg: width at apex of tibia 38–44 Μm (Fig. 58G), tibia with single, apical and pectinate spur 13–16 Μm long (Fig. 58H), with three lateral teeth and two preapical setae; ta1-4 without any preapical pseudospurs. Mid leg: width at apex of tibia 38–44 Μm long (Fig. 58I), tibia with single, apical and pectinate spur 21–33 Μm long with three lateral teeth (Fig. 58J) and two preapical setae; ta1-4 each with two preapical pseudospurs. Hind leg: width at apex of tibia 38–44 Μm long (Fig. 58K), tibia without spur; comb 7 bristles; ta1-4 without any preapical pseudospurs. Claws slender, hooked; pulvilli absent. Lengths and proportion of leg segments as in Table 39.

fe ti ta1 ta2 ta3

p1 475–581 500–563 319–350 219–250 131–188 p2 650–725 500–593 650–713 263–313 156–169 p3 550–588 719–750 663–744 275–331 188–231

ta4 ta5 LR BV SV

p1 106–131 69–81 0.61–0.65 2.20–2.60 2.95–3.32 p2 113–119 88–100 1.12–1.38 2.79–3.04 1.64–1.85 p3 125–150 88–106 0.92–0.99 1.87–2.77 1.82–1.99 Hypopygium (Fig. 58M). Tergite IX arched, with 10–15 (3) posterior setae. Membranous anal point small, apical edge rounded. Phallapodeme 63–67 (2) Μm long. Sternapodeme with reduced anterior process. Gonocoxite cylindrical, 148–155 (2) Μm long, 58–60 (2) Μm wide, with slightly concave inner margin. GcR 2.53–2.59 (2). Gonostylus simple and slender, 88 (2) Μm long; megaseta 15–17 Μm long. HR 1.68–1.77 (2). HV 2.76–3.08 (2).

Adult female (n = 1)

Size. Total length 1.8 mm. Wing length 1.3 mm. Total length/wing length 1.37. Wing length/ profemur length 2.61.

Coloration. Head brown with dark brown occipital margin; pedicel and antenna brown; maxillary palp pale. Thorax brown with dark scutum. Wing membrane transparent without any marking. Legs pale brown. Femur I–III brown. Tibia I–III with apex brown. Abdomen seems completely brown, not much distinguishable. Seminal capsules brown.

Head. Temporal setae 10, uniserial. Eyes ratio 1.48. Tentorium not measurable. Clypeus 83 Μm long, 82 Μm wide at largest part, bearing 17 setae. Cibarial pump 166 Μm long, as in male. Lengths of palpomeres 1–5 (in Μm): 28; 48; 133; 142; 184. Antennal flagellum 420 Μm long, diameter of pedicel 75 Μm, AR 0.35.

Thorax. Antepronotum with 8 setae. Acrostichals 38, irregularly uniserial, starting close to antepronotum; dorsocentrals 24, irregularly biserial; prealars 15; supraalars 2. Scutellum with transverse row of 8 setae and group of numerous fine anterior setae.

Wing. Width 0.5 mm. Costa 1.2 mm long. R2+3 absent. VR 0.76. WW 0.38. Brachiolum with 2 setae. Squama setiferous.

Legs. Fore leg: width at apex of tibia 39 Μm, tibia with single, apical and pectinate spur 13 Μm, with three lateral teeth and two preapical setae; ta1-4 without any preapical pseudospurs. Mid leg: width at apex of tibia 48 Μm, tibia with single, apical and pectinate spur 31 Μm, with three lateral teeth and two preapical setae; ta1-4 each with two preapical pseudospurs. Hind leg: width at apex of tibia 44 Μm long, tibia without spur; comb not observed; ta1 without any preapical pseudospurs. Claws slender, hooked; pulvilli absent. Lengths and proportion of leg segments as in Table 40.

fe ti ta1 ta2 ta3 p1 487 429 333 169 132 p2 659 582 657 250 151 p3 681 561 – – –

ta4 ta5 LR BV SV p1 81 75 0.78 2.75 2.78 p2 102 90 1.13 3.19 1.89 p3 – – – – – Genitalia. Coxosternapodeme 99 Μm long. Postgenital plate rounded. Cerci oval-quadrate, 51 Μm long and 62 Μm wide; with 4 elongated setae, not much distinguishable. Labia with inconspicuous microtrichia. Notum length 66 Μm long. Seminal capsules oval, 35 Μm long, 32 Μm wide, with conical shaped necks. Length ratio SCa/No 0.49.

Pupa (n = 5 unless otherwise stated)

Size. Abdomen 2.2–2.6 (4) mm long in male, 2.5 (1) mm long in female.

Coloration. Exuviae mostly pale brown; thoracic horn brown.

Cephalothorax (Figs 59A–C). Frontal apotome smooth (Fig.59A). Wing sheath smooth 0.9–1.1 mm long. Thoracic horn 256–300 Μm long and 119–150 Μm wide (Fig. 59B), THR 2.00–2.32, preapical indentation deep. Membranous preapical papilla 22–41 Μm long (Fig. 59C), PTH 0.07–0.16, aeropyle tube simple, short, 31 Μm long; plastron plate small. Horn sac moderately developed. Reticulation of respiratory atrium indistinct, external membrane with pale spinules. Basal lobe wedge-shaped. Thoracic comb with 9–11 conical tubercles (Fig. 59B).

Abdomen (Figs 59D–E). Tergite I with scar 117–143 Μm long. T I–V without shagreen, T VI–VIII with shagreen basally concentrated. Abdominal chaetotaxy as in figure 59D. Abdominal segment VII with 4 LS-setae. A VIII with 5 LS-setae. Anal lobe 338–412 Μm long and 156–212 Μm wide (Fig. 59E), outer margins sclerotized, with 9–10 spines, longest spine 14–18 Μm long, inner margins of lobes membranous. ALR 1.56–2.16. Male genital sac not reaching much beyond apex of anal lobe.

4th instar larva (n = 7 unless otherwise stated)

Coloration. Head pale yellow, without maculation; postoccipital margin brown. Second antennal segment pale brown; distal tooth of mandible and apex of ligula brown. Abdomen pale yellow; procercus and anal setae pale brown. Posterior parapod claws all pale yellow.

Head (Fig. 60A). Length 718–781 (6) Μm, 507–547 (2) Μm wide. IC 0.67–0.72. Surface smooth; lateroventral spine group present with one single, well developed spine; posteroventral spine group absent. Ventral cephalic setae S9 and S10 and ventral pore (VP) forming a more or less right angle (Fig. 60A).

Antenna (Figs 60B–C). Length 524–582 (6) Μm, A1 230–258 (6) Μm long, with ring organ located 0.86–0.90 (5) from base, A2 84–93 (6) Μm long. AR 2.38–2.82 (6). Blade longer than A2; accessory blade 94–100 (5).

Maxilla (Fig. 60D). Basal palp segment 29–44 Μm long and 8–12 Μm wide at the middle, with ring organ located 0.81–0.87 (4) from base. PR 2.42–5.27. APR 5.77–8.96.

Mandible (Fig. 60E). Length 64–76 (6) Μm. Sensillum campaniformium located 0.61–0.76 from apex, basal tooth bifid, with seta subdentalis projecting from sloping end towards apical tooth, accessory tooth present, AMD 3.58–3.84.

Mentum and M appendage . Dorsomental teeth reduced; pseudoradula uniformly granulate, 45–56 (2) Μm long.

Hypopharyngeal complex (Figs 60F–G). Ligula 62–81 (6) Μm long, 34–42 (6) Μm wide, with row of 5 teeth. IO 0.92–0.99, MO 0.99–1.03. Paraligula bifid, 32–35 Μm long, inner tooth 24–29 Μm long, shorter than outer tooth. Pecten hypopharyngis with 7 teeth almost equal in size.

Body (Figs 60H–I). Without lateral fringe. Anterior parapods with simple claws. Procercus 179–213 (6) Μm long, 23–36 (6) Μm wide, with 7 anal setae, 410–760 (6) Μm long. L/ W 5.84 –8.24 (6). Supraanal seta well developed. Anal tubules 229–271 (4) Μm long. Posterior parapod 373–498 (3) Μm long; subbasal seta on posterior parapod simple, with a few small spines (Fig. 60H); parapod apex with numerous simple claws; bifid claw with Vshaped lower indentation (Fig. 60I). B/C 1.13–1.31.

Remarks. Adult males of Labrundinia paulae are very similar to those of L. jasoni and their differences are discussed under this species. The pupae of Labrundinia paulae may be distinguished from those of the related species L. carolae, L. jasoni, L. mayaca, L. paravirescens and L. virescens by the sparse shagreen with small spinules on sternite II, which contrast the prominent shagreen sometimes multi-toothed present in the former species. The smooth surface of head capsule combined with the single and enlarged spur in the lateroventral spine group distinguish the larvae of L. paulae from any known Labrundinia species. Labrundinia paulae is widespread in the southeast of Brazil (see above). The larvae were collected in small lakes, creeks, unpolluted pools and slowflowing streams.