Key to Julus species in the Caucasus region, based on male characters

1. Main process (mp) of male leg-pair 2 broadened at apex....................................................... 2

- Main process (mp) of male leg-pair 2 not broadened apically................................................... 4

2. Main process (mp) of leg-pair 2 long, with two outgrowths. Distofrontal one more or less large and thick. Caudal outgrowth small and short (Figs 4G–I)...................................................................... J. kubanus

- Main process (mp) of leg-pair 2 long, with one larger or smaller distocaudal outgrowth.............................. 3

3. Main process (mp) of leg-pair 2 long, with a ventral spike-like outgrowth (Figs 4B–D). Gonopodal promere (pr) wide, round at apex, with a triangular spike (t) in middle part (Figs 8C–I).......................................... J. colchicus

- Main process (mp) long, with or without a small apical bulb, but always with a small caudal tooth or uncus at apex (Figs 6A– D). Gonopodal promere (pr) narrow, round at apex, with an elongated lateral lamella (la) (Figs 11A–H).......... J. lignaui

4. Main process (mp) of leg-pair 2 curved laterally (Figs 7A–B). Gonopodal promere (pr) wide, with a lateral lamella (la) (Fig. 12H)...................................................................................... J. subalpinus

- Main process (mp) of leg-pair 2 long and straight............................................................ 5

5. Coxa (cx) of leg-pair 1 with a small or large lateral outgrowth.................................................. 6

- Coxa (cx) of leg-pair 1 without a lateral outgrowth........................................................... 7

6. Coxa (cx) of leg-pair 1 with a small lateral outgrowth (Figs 3E–F). Gonopodal promere (pr) relatively wide (Figs 9A, 9C).......................................................................................... J. jedryczkowskii

- Coxa (cx) of leg-pair 1 with a large lateral outgrowth (Fig. 3T). Gonopodal promere (pr) narrow (Fig. 13D)..................................................................................................... J. khostensis sp. n.

7. Flagellum (fl) of gonopodal promere with a spike-like outgrowth and a small lamina in distal part (Fig. 13A). Promere (pr) wide, with two narrow lamellae: one apical (la1) and the other basal (la2) (Fig. 13B)................. J. dagestanus sp. n.

- Flagellum (fl) of gonopodal promere without outgrowths. Gonopodal promere with one lamella....................... 8

8. Gonopodal opisthomere (op) higher than lateral outgrowth (lo) (Figs 14F) Promere (pr) round at apex, with a wide lateral lamella (la) (Figs 12A, 12E).................................................................... J. lindholmi

- Gonopodal opisthomere (op) lower than its lateral outgrowth (lo) (Fig. 14A). Promere (pr) with a lamella (la) in middle part, rounded and apically gently angular (Fig. 8A)..................................................... J. alexandrae