Oneirodes carlsbergi (Regan & Trewavas, 1932)

(Figs. 1I, 4)

Diagnosis. Oneirodes carlsbergi differs from its congeners, except O. luetkeni, by the presence of teeth on the epibranchial of the first gill arch (vs. teeth absent). It differs from O. luetkeni, reported only from the eastern Pacific, by the number of teeth on the epibranchial of the first gill arch (1–5 vs. 6–17), number of toothed pharyngobranchials (two pairs of tooth-bearing pharyngobranchials vs. a single pair of tooth-bearing pharyngobranchials), ratio of lengths of dorsal and ventral forks of opercle (0.51–0.61 vs. 0.60–0.71), and esca with a tapering and internally pigmented anterior appendage (vs. anterior appendage without internal pigment, anterolateral appendage represented by a broad membranous flap) (Pietsch, 1974, 2009; Orr, 1991; Prokofiev, 2014a,b; Ho et al., 2016; Rajeeshkumar et al., 2017; Ho, Shao, 2019).

Geographical distribution. Oneirodes carlsbergi seems to have a circumtropical distribution between approximately 18ºN and 8ºS (Pietsch, 2009; Ho et al., 2016; Ho, Shao, 2019). One specimen recorded far from this presumably circumtropical range was collected off the Irish Atlantic slope (Pietsch, 2009). Other records in the Atlantic Ocean range from 17º49’N to 5º34’S, and include two records near the Brazilian EEZ (ISH 660 /66, 5º34’S 26º58’W; ISH 924 /68, 3º00’S 26º16’W) (Pietsch, 1974, 2009). In the present study O. carlsbergi is reported for the first time in Brazilian waters based on two specimens collected off Pernambuco State and Rocas Atoll, between depths of 650 and 800 m (Fig. 4).

Material examined. NPM 4953, 1, 98 mm (Fig. 1I), RV Antea, sta. AB2/16, 7°36’15.0”S 33°59’30.0”W to 7°36’49.3”S 33°57’18.7”W, 680 m, 14 Apr 2017, 21:53– 22:39 h; NPM 4960, 1, 18.5 mm, RV Antea, sta. AB2/39, 4°52’26.9”S 34°03’32.3”W to 4°50’52.8”S 34°05’06.5”W, 650–800 m, 24 Apr 2017, 21:49–22:37 h.