Spiniphora Malloch, 1909

More than twenty species have been described, from the Nearctic, Palaearctic and Oriental Regions. However, S. bergenstammi (Mik) is cosmopolitan, probably through the agency of man. The species are best distinguished by their male hypopygia. However, the descriptions of species described last century mostly fail to illustrate these. The Oriental species are covered by Brues (1936), Schmitz (1940), Beyer (1958), Borgmeier (1962), Liu (2001), who covers Chinese species, and Disney & Bänziger (2009), who provide a simple key to the Oriental species.