Alysia Latreille, 1804

Figs 1, 2, 3

Alysia Latreille, 1804: 173-174; Shenefelt 1974: 939; Wharton 1980: 458; Chen and Wu 1994: 28; Belokobylskij 1998: 170; Zhu et al. 2018: 2. Type species: Ichneumon manducator Panzer, 1799.

Cechenus Illiger, 1807: 54; Type species: Ichneumon manducator Panzer, 1799. Synonymized by Curtis 1826.

Bassus Nees, 1812: 201; Type species: Ichneumon manducator Panzer, 1799. Synonymized by Nees 1819.

Anarcha Foerster, 1863: 265; Ashmead 1900: 105; Baltazar 1962: 759. Type species: Anaraha notabilis Foerster, 1863. Synonymized by Fischer 1971.

Goniarcha Foerster, 1863: 265; Marshall 1872: 125; Ashmead 1900: 105. Type species: Alysia lucicola Haliday, 1838. Synonymized by Marshall 1894.

Strophaea Foerster, 1863: 265; Marshall 1872: 127; Ashmead 1900: 105. Type species: Alysia rufidens Nees, 1834. Synonymized by Marshall 1894.

Diagnosis.

First flagellomere longer than second (Figs 1B, J, 2B, J, 3B, J), not over 1.6 times, face granulate (Figs 1E, 2E, 3E) or largely smooth, eye slightly oval, clypeus triangularly shaped, wide and protruding anteriorly (Figs 1E, 2E, 3E); mandible (Figs 1K, L, 2K, L, 3K, L) with 3 teeth, third mostly lobe-shaped. second tooth narrow and sharp; pronope absent, notauli present, precoxal sulcus distinct, medially deeply impressed (Figs 1G, 2G, 3G), scutellar sulcus distinct, propodeum more or less rugose and usually without areola, sometimes with enlarged spiracles; pterostigma robust, fore wing (Figs 1C, 2C, 3C) vein 2-SR slightly bent, first discal cell shorter than wide in median length. vein 3-SR usually shorter than vein 2-SR; veins 2-SR+M and r-m not sclerotized, hind wing vein 1r-m shorter than vein M+CU, vein m-cu distinct; first tergite with dorsope (Figs 1H, 2H, 3H).

Biology.

Endoparasitoids of larval Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae, Tephritidae, Anthomyiidae, Agromyzidae and Mycetophylidae (Yu et al. 2016).

Distribution.

Cosmopolitan, but most Alysia species occur in the northern part of the Northern Hemisphere and many are Holarctic. About 70% of the species have most or all of their range within the boreal coniferous biome (Wharton 1986).