Cordyceps militaris (L.) Fr.

Clavaria militaris ≡ Clavaria militaris L.

Sphaeria militaris ≡ Sphaeria militaris (L.) J.F. Gmel.

Hypoxylon militare ≡ Hypoxylon militare (L.) Mérat

Xylaria militaris ≡ Xylaria militaris (L.) Gray

Corynesphaera militaris ≡ Corynesphaera militaris (L.) Dumort.

Torrubia militaris ≡ Torrubia militaris (L.) Tul. & C. Tul.

Clavaria granulosa = Clavaria granulosa Bull.

Sphaeria militaris sphaerocephala = Sphaeria militaris var. sphaerocephala J.C. Schmidt

Cordyceps militaris sphaerocephala = Cordyceps militaris f. sphaerocephala (J.C. Schmidt) Sacc.

Cordyceps militaris alba = Cordyceps militaris f. alba Kobayasi & Shimizu ex Y.J. Yao [as ‘albina’]

Hosts.

Commonly on Lepidoptera larvae and pupae, infrequently on Hymenoptera (Kobayasi 1941; Kryukov et al. 2011).

Distribution.

Widely distributed.

Note.

Under laboratory conditions and injection of hyphal bodies into the haemocoel of insects, C. militaris can infect many insect orders (Shrestha et al. 2012), including pupae of Tenebrio molitor ( Tenebrionidae) (De Bary 1867; Sato and Shimazu 2002). Therefore, the conclusion that wireworms (e.g. Tenebrio molitor) are the natural hosts of C. militaris is probably untenable and we temporarily reject it.