Vespa vivax Smith

Figs. 13d and 53

Vespa vivax Smith (in Horne and Smith), 1870: 190. Holotype female; India: Binsar, ‘ Binsur, Kumaon’ (LONDON-NHM).

Vespa velutina var. mediozonalis Pérez, 1910: 14 . Holotype female; India: Sikkim (PARIS).

Vespa wilemani Meade-Waldo, 1911: 104 . Holotype female; Taiwan: ‘ Formosa’ (LONDON-NHM).

Distribution. India, Nepal, Myanmar, Thailand, China (Sichuan, Yunnan, Tibet), Taiwan.

Discussion. Little is known about this south Asian Vespa species. In Taiwan, nests have been found in montane regions at elevations between 1,500 and 2,500 m (Archer 1994).