Vespa multimaculata Pérez

Figs. 4b, 12a, 12f, 38, and 39

Vespa annulata Smith, 1858: 116 . Lectotype female (designated by Carpenter and Kojima 1997); Malaysia: Borneo: Sarawak (OXFORD). Nec Vespa annulata Rossi, 1790 .

Vespa multimaculata Pérez, 1910: 14 . Lectotype female (designated by van der Vecht 1957); Brunei (PARIS).

Vespa luctuosa var. malayana Bequaert, 1934: 4 . Replacement name for Vespa annulata Smith.

Vespa multimaculata pendleburyi van der Vecht, 1957: 43; Holotype female; Malaysia: ‘near Jitra, Kedah’, (LEIDEN).

Distribution. Thailand; Laos; Malaysia: Peninsular Malaysia, Sarawak, Sabah; Singapore; Indonesia: Sumatra, Borneo (KALIMANTAN); Brunei.

Discussion. Vespa multimaculata is found in lowland and montane forests in Southeast Asia (Archer 1999, 2011), and is unlikely to disperse to temperate regions. Martin (1995) found nests in the ground beneath the roots of a tree.