3.2.34 Onthophagus (Paraphanaeomorphus) trituber (Wiedemann, 1823)

Copris trituber Wiedemann, 1823, Zool. Mag., 2(1): 47 (ZMUC).

Onthophagus suturalis White, 1844, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 14: 424 (BMNH).

Onthophagus condorensis Boucomont, 1924, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1924: 211 (MNHN).

Onthophagus (Paraphanaeomorphus) trituber: Kabakov & Yanushev, 1983, Fauna Eco.Anim. Viet.: 158, illustr.

Onthophagus (Paraphanaeomorphus) trituber jacobsoni Kabakov, 2006, Lamel. Beet. Subf. Scarabaeinae Faun. Rus. Adj. Count.: 330 (ZIN). Syn. nov.

Material examined. [AFCD] China, Hong Kong, Fung Yuen, 1♀, 2014.XI.5, coll. K.H. Cheung ; Shing Mun, 1♀, 2015.VIII.26, coll. M.H. Leung.

[ZMUC] Batavia (Indonesia), 1♂ 1♀, 1815.?.? (Syntype of Copris trituber Wiedemann, 1823); Java, 1♂ 1♀, 1815.?.? (Syntype of Copris trituber Wiedemann, 1823).

[ BMNH] China, Hong Kong, 1♂ (Type of Onthophagus suturalis White, 1844); Indian Ocean, Christmas Is ., 1♀, 1933. I.21, coll. Hinter Haug; Singapore, 2♂ 5♀, 1921.VII, coll. C. J. Saunders.

[ MNHN] Poulo Condor (Con Son Island, Vietnam), Vitalis, 1♂ , 1924.?.?, Museum Paris, 1938 Coll. Boucomont (Syntype of Onthophagus condorensis Boucomont, 1924); Crosiere du Nirvana, Java, Buitenzorg, de Bearn, E. Cordier, 1♀, 1908.XII.15.

[ ZIN] Vietnam, 1♂, 1963.VII.30.

Distribution. China (Hong Kong, Guangdong, Liaoning, Shanghai, Taiwan, Yunnan), India, Indonesia, Japan, Singapore, South Korea, Vietnam.

Discussion. The subspecies Onthophagus (Paraphanaeomorphus) trituber jacobsoni Kabakov, 2006 was established based on the characters in colouration, body size and punctures on elytra of five specimens from Liaoning, China. However, these characters are unstable and some even overlap with other “subspecies”. Onthophagus (Paraphanaeomorphus) trituber jacobsoni Kabakov, 2006 should thus be treated as an invalid subspecies.