Phyllonorycter sp. 4

Material examined. Russia: SO, Sakhalin Island, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Gagarin Park, 46.96N, 142.75E, 69 m alt., Alnus hirsuta, 11.VII.2017, 1 larva, NK618 , MK 403695, deposited in INRA.

Leaf mine. The mine is similar to Ph. strigulatella and was found on the same trees. Pupation in the mine.

Trophic specialization. Monophagous on Alnus hirsuta (Betulaceae) .

Distribution. Russia: RFE—PK.

Remarks. BIN of unknown species—BOLD: ADM1303. In East Asia, eight Phyllonorycter species develop on Alnus, among which five species, besides other hosts, feed on Alnus hirsuta: Ph. hancola (Kumata), Ph. kisoensis Kumata et Park, Ph. longispinata (Kumata), Ph. maculata (Kumata), Ph. strigulatella (Zeller) (De Prins & De Prins 2018) . The three other species develop on other alder in East Asia: Ph. ermani (Kumata) (host plant: Alnus maximowiczii, however the main host is Betula), Ph. fruticosella (Kuznetzov) ( A. viridis), Ph. takagii (Kumata) ( A. japonica). From this list of Alnus -feeding species, only Ph. strigulatella has been barcoded and it shows 3.9% genetic distance from Phyllonorycter sp. 4 (Table 2). Our specimen could be one of these four species— Ph. hancola, Ph. kisoensis, Ph. longispinata, or Ph. maculata .