Genus Pulvinaria Targioni Tozzetti, 1866

Pulvinaria Targioni Tozzetti, 1866: 146; Targioni Tozzetti, 1867: 13.

Chloropulvinaria Borchsenius, 1952: 299, synonymised by Ben-Dov, 1993: 63.

Eupulvinaria Borchsenius, 1953: 288 .

Generic diagnosis. The following is based on Tang (1991), Hodgson (1994), Hodgson & Henderson (2000), Tanaka & Kondo (2015), Choi & Lee (2017) and Joshi (2017). Adult female body oval. Dorsal derm membranous to sclerotised; dermal areolations sometimes well developed; dorsal setae spinose, conical and pointed; submarginal tubercles present or absent; small dorsal tubular ducts sometimes present; anal plates each triangular; anal ring bearing 6 or 8 setae. Marginal setae spinose, or brush-shaped or branched; stigmatic clefts either deep or shallow, each with 3–6 stigmatic spines. Antennae each 5–9 segmented; legs well developed, each with a tibiotarsal articulatory sclerosis; claw with or without a denticle, Venter usually with 3 pairs of long, pregenital setae; spiracular disc-pores mostly each with 5 loculi in the outer ring; pregenital disc-pores each with 7–10 loculi, present in vulvar area and on anterior abdominal segments. Ventral tubular ducts of 3 or 4 types present, including (i) a duct with a fine inner ductule of similar width and length as the outer ductule, with a well-developed terminal gland; (ii) a similar duct with a considerably narrower inner ductule and a well-developed terminal gland; and (iii) a short, small duct with a filamentous inner ductule without a glandular inner end. Reproducing females secrete an ovisac of woolly wax.