Dilipa fenestra (Leech, 1891)

(Figs. 2, 17)

Vanessa fenestra Leech, 1891: 26 [Type locality: “Omei-Shan”, northwestern China].

Dilipa fenestra: Seok, 1934: 730 (first record from Korea); Kishida and Nakamura, 1936: 533; Lee, 1982: 75; Masui and Inomata, 1993: 5; Chou, 1994: 438; Korshunov and Gorbunov, 1995: 72; Lee, 2005: 27.

Dilipa fenestra takacukai Seok, 1937: 31 [Type locality: “Songdo, Mt. Syōyō, Tyokusizi, Kyūzyō”]; Seok, 1939b: 109; Seok, 1942: 88; Kim and Mi, 1956: 397; Seok, 1973: 144; Shin, 1975: 45; Inomata, 1982: xviii.

Subspecies. The Korean populations are considered to belong to subsp. takacukai.

Adult. Active from early April to early June (one brood). Males puddle on wet ground, in full or partial sun, near or sometimes on rocks in streams, with wings spread (Fig. 17). They are sun loving butterflies seldom seen on cloudy days. They are attracted to sap fluids of Actinidia arguta (Siebold and Zucc.) Planch. ex Miq. var. arguta, sprouts of Acer saccharinum L. and decomposing organisms. In the afternoon, they engage in hilltopping on shrubs or rocks near streams. See Yoon and Kim (1989).

Larval host plants. Celtis jessoensis, Celtis sinensis, etc. (Joo et al. 1997).

Life cycle. See Yoon and Kim (1989). Eggs are laid one by one under leaves of the host plants. Larvae are solitary. The pupae hibernate.

Distribution. Korea (excluding northeastern mountainous areas, the Taebaek Mountains and the adjacent islands), China (including Tibet) and Far Eastern Russia.