Dryocosmus Giraud, 1859
Description.
Clypeus ventral margin shape: straight; Malar striae count: present; Malar striae dorsal limit: torulus-eye line on lower face and lower eye margin on malar area; Malar area: alutaceous; Malar sulcus: absent; Impression around central ocellus: present; Postgenal bridge / length of oral foramen: <1.
Transverse pronotal sulcus depth: deep; Notaulus limits: well-impressed, posterior end adjacent to posterior margin of mesoscutum, anterior end adjacent to anterior margin of mesoscutum; Mesoscutum sculpture: smooth or delicately alutaceous; Mesoscutum reflectivity: glossy; Metanotal trough sculpture: smooth; Metanotal trough reflectivity: glossy; Metascutellum sculpture: coriaceous; Scutellar foveae count: present; Foveal septum count: present or absent; Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae) shape: trapezoid or quadrangular. Subaxillular bar sculpture: smooth; Subaxillular bar reflectivity: glossy; Mesoscutellar axillar complex posterior margin vs metanotum: overhanging; Mesopleuron sculpture: smooth, mostly glossy, only partially coriaceous; Speculum sculpture: smooth, mostly glossy, only partially coriaceous; Lateral propodeal carinae count: present; Central propodeal area reflectivity: glabrous; Lateral propodeal area pilosity: present; Nucha sculpture: with delicate longitudinal rugae dorsally and laterally; Wings fully developed; Marginal cilia: long; R1 distal end vs wing margin: adjacent to wing margin; Rs distal end vs wing margin: adjacent to wing margin.
Metasoma lateral height / metasoma lateral length: <1; Metasoma length / head+mesosoma length: <1; Second metasomal tergite sculpture: smooth; Metasomal tergites 3-6 reflectivity: glossy; Distal end of ventral spine of hypopygium shape: acute or rounded distallyapically; Prominent part of ventral part of hypopygium length / width: <3.5; ventral part of hypopygium seta length: short.
Diagnosis.
Most similar to Plagiotrochus Mayr by sharing the following character states: lower face with striae radiating from clypeus to inner margin of eye (sometimes indistinct because of short malar space), malar sulcus absent; lateral propodeal carinae curved outwards, median longitudinal carina sometimes present; central propodeal area with rugae; metasoma strongly compressed laterally; ventral spine of hypopygium short, acute or rounded apically, with or without a dense truncate tuft, prominent part <3.5 times as long as broad (Melika et al. 2010).
Dryocosmus: mesoscutum smooth or alutaceous; ventral spine of hypopygium with setae forming a truncate apical tuft.
Plagiotrochus: mesoscutum entirely coriaceous or rugose; ventral spine of hypopygium with setae not forming a truncate apical tuft.
Key to Dryocosmus species
| 1 | Mesosoma orange-yellow, metasoma light brown, female head orange-yellow to light brown, male head orange-yellow to dark brown | 2 |
| - | Body dark brown to black, with some minute, light brown areas | 3 |
| 2 | Notaulus posterior region width / notaulus anterior region width = 5 (not: Fig. 73); posterior height of subaxillular bar / height of metanotal trough = 0.25 (sab, mtr: Fig. 72); central propodeal area with transverse carina (trc: Fig. 74) in dorsal 1/3rd and with longitudinal parallel rugae between transverse carina and nucha (Fig. 74) | Dryocosmus hearni Schwéger & Tang, sp. n. |
| - | Notaulus anterior region width / notaulus posterior region width=1 (not: Fig. 181); posterior height of subaxillular bar / height of metanotal trough>1.00; central propodeal area without transverse carina in dorsal 1/3rd and with irregular rugae between dorsal propodeal margin and nucha (Fig. 180) | Dryocosmus testisimilis Tang & Melika, 2011 |
| 3 | Basal lobe on metatarsal claw present | 4 |
| - | Basal lobe on metatarsal claw absent | 5 |
| 4 | Number of flagellomeres (female): 12; eye height / malar distance = 2.6; intertorular distance / eye torulus distance = 0.70; radial cell length / radial cell width = 3.40; 2nd metasomal tergite length dorsal view / length of metasoma dorsal view ≥ 0.50; prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium length ventral view / prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium width ventral view = 2.2 | Dryocosmus sakureiensis Ide, Wachi & Abe, 2013 |
| - | Number of flagellomeres (female): 13 (Fig. 126); eye height / malar distance = 2.0; intertorular distance / eye torulus distance = 0.40 (Fig. 122); radial cell length / radial cell width = 4.50 (rad: Fig. 129); 2nd metasomal tergite length dorsal view / length of metasoma dorsal view = 0.33; prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium length ventral view / prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium width ventral view = 1.3 (vsh: Fig. 132) | Dryocosmus moriius Tang & Melika, sp. n. |
| 5 | Dense setae present on lateral mesopleural surface ventral to transepisternal line (tel: Fig. 142) | Dryocosmus quadripetiolus Schwéger & Tang, sp. n. |
| - | Mesopleuron glabrous or few setae present along posteroventral margin of lateral mesopleural surface (Figs 24, 40, 72, 166) | 6 |
| 6 | Striae marking transepisternal line extends ¾ of mesopleuron length (tel: Fig. 24) | 7 |
| - | Striae marking transepisternal line absent (Fig. 99) or not extends 1/2 of mesopleuron length (tel: Figs 84) | 10 |
| 7 | Speculum striate (spe: Fig. 24) | 8 |
| - | Speculum without striae | Dryocosmus zhuili Liu & Zhu, 2015 |
| 8 | Female POL/OOL = 1.40 (Fig. 2); male eye height / malar distance = 8.1; male eye height / transfacial distance = 1.2 (Fig. 5); male pedicel length / scape length <1 (Fig. 10) | 9 |
| - | Female POL/OOL = 1.80 (Fig. 176); male eye height / malar distance = 8.70; male eye height / transfacial distance = 1.40 (Fig. 177), male pedicel / scape = 1 | Dryocosmus triangularis Tang & Melika, 2011 |
| 9 | Disc of mesoscutellum glossy and smooth at least in anterior half (dms: Figs 25, 26) | Dryocosmus caputgrusi Tang & Schwéger, sp. n. |
| - | Disc of mesoscutellum entirely rugose, matt (dms: Fig. 178) | Dryocosmus pentagonalis Tang & Melika 2011 |
| 10 | Mesopleuron and speculum matt, uniformly coriaceous, without striae | Dryocosmus salicinai Schwéger & Tang, sp. n. |
| - | Mesopleuron glossy, smooth without striae (Fig. 99) or with few delicate indistinct striae marking transepisternal line (tel: Figs 84) | 11 |
| 11 | Mesopleuron and speculum smooth, without striae (Fig. 113) | 12 |
| - | Mesopleuron with few delicate indistinct striae marking transepisternal line (tel: Figs 166, 182, 184) | 18 |
| 12 | Second metasomal tergite with multiple setae laterally (Fig. 87) | 13 |
| - | Second metasomal tergite without or few setae laterally (Fig. 119) | 14 |
| 13 | Scutellar foveae without longitudinal striae (scf: Fig. 100); female F1 / F2 = 1.00; female F1 / pedicel = 2.7; placoid sensilla present on F1-F12 (Fig. 97) | Dryocosmus konradi Tang & Melika, sp. n. |
| - | Scutellar foveae with longitudinal striae (scf: Fig. 83); female F1 / F2 <1; Female F1 / pedicel = 1.6; placoid sensilla present on F2-F12 (Fig. 81) | Dryocosmus hualieni Schwéger & Tang, sp. n. |
| 14 | Scutellar fovea minimum diameter / foveal septum width = 3.00; anterior pits of foveal septum present | Dryocosmus okayimai Abe, Ide, Konishi & Ueno, 2014 |
| - | Scutellar fovea minimum diameter / foveal septum width = 6.00-10.00; anterior pits on foveal septum absent (Fig. 183) | 15 |
| 15 | Disc of mesoscutellum with irregular rugae (dms: Fig. 183) | Dryocosmus carlesiae Tang & Melika, 2011 |
| - | Disc of mesoscutellum without irregular rugae (dms: Fig. 116) | 16 |
| 16 | Transverse pronotal sulcus not foveolate (tps: Fig. 40); pronotum posterolaterally with few short rugae as long as or shorter than diameter of anterior thoracic spiracle (Fig. 40) | 17 |
| - | Transverse pronotal sulcus foveolate (tps: Fig. 113); pronotum posterolaterally with numerous long rugae 2-3 times as long as diameter of anterior thoracic spiracle (Fig. 113) | Dryocosmus liyingi Melika & Tang, sp. n. |
| 17 | Central propodeal area with 1-2 delicate longitudinal lateral rugae (cpa: Fig. 42) | Dryocosmus crinitus Schwéger & Tang, sp. n. |
| - | Central propodeal area with numerous irregular longitudinal and transverse lateral and medial rugae | Dryocosmus nanlingensis Abe, Ide & Odagiri, 2014 |
| 18 | Speculum striate dorsally (spe: Fig. 166) | Dryocosmus taitungiensis Tang & Melika, sp. n. |
| - | Speculum without striae (spe: Figs 11, 55, 184) | 19 |
| 19 | Triangular mesopleural furrow present; frons, interocellar area, vertex glossy, smooth, if frons alutaceous than only in lateral part, along compound eye | Dryocosmus sefuriensis Ide, Wachi & Abe, 2013 |
| - | Triangular mesopleural furrow absent; frons, interocellar area, vertex alutaceous or coriaceous (Figs 184-185) | 20 |
| 20 | Head width / head height>1; gena broadened behind eye, visible in frontal view along entire lateral eye margin (gen: Fig. 186) | Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu, 1951 |
| - | Head width / head height = 1; gena not or very slightly broadened behind eye, not visible in frontal view or only visible along ventral region of lateral eye margin (gen: Figs 1, 48) | 21 |
| 21 | Parapsidal line and median mesoscutal line present (pl, mml: Fig. 12) | Dryocosmus cannoni Schwéger & Tang, sp. n. |
| - | Parapsidal line and median mesoscutal line absent (Fig. 56) | Dryocosmus harrisonae Melika & Tang, sp. n. |