Key to the identification of trichomycterine catfishes from the Rio Itabapoana Basin

1. Flank with minute dark brown dots on its entire surface, never forming large spots or broad stripes; seven pectoral-fin rays ...................................................................................................................... 2

– Flank with large spots or broad stripes; eight pectoral-fin rays ........................................................ 3

2. Nasal barbel posteriorly area anterior to opercular patch of odontodes; pectoral-fin filament about 10% of pectoral-fin length or less;dorsal procurrent caudal-fin rays20or21;flank with sparse dark brown dots that are separated among themselves by large interspaces T. (Cryptocambeva) berthalutzae sp. nov.

– Nasal barbel posteriorly reaching opercular patch of odontodes; pectoral-fin filament about 20–25% of pectoral-fin length; dorsal procurrent caudal-fin rays 17–19; flank with highly overlapped dots. .......................................................................... T. (Cryptocambeva) brunoi Barbosa & Costa, 2010

3. Flank with broad longitudinal dark brown stripe on midline; caudal fin rounded, asymmetrical, with dorsal portion longer than ventral portion; paired s6 pore T. (Psammocambeva) fabioheppi sp. nov.

– Flank with longitudinal rows of dark brown blotches; caudal fin subtruncate, symmetrical; single median s6 pore .................................................................................................................................. 4

4. Maxillary barbel reaching between interopercle and pectoral-fin base; pectoral-fin filament about 40–50% of pectoral-fin length; premaxillary teeth 30–34, dentary teeth 38–41 ................................ .......................................................... T. (Psammocambeva) caudofasciatus Alencar & Costa, 2004

– Maxillary barbel reaching interopercle; pectoral-fin filament about 10–20% of pectoral-fin length; premaxillary teeth 43–46, dentary teeth 51–54 .. T. (Psammocambeva) mimosensis Barbosa, 2013